100+ Mirats Group Interview Questions and Answers

Manual testing is the process of manually testing software for defects, functionality, and usability.

• Manual testing involves testers executing test cases without the use of automation tools.

• It is a time-consuming process but allows for thorough testing of software.

• Testers document their findings and report any issues to the development team for resolution.

Answers to SQL-related questions for Senior Software Engineer position

• To see SQL sessions, use the sp_who2 stored procedure or the Activity Monitor in SQL Server Management Studio

• To store temporary data inside a stored procedure, use table variables or temporary tables

• Use temp tables when you need to store large amounts of data or when you need to perform complex joins or aggregations

• Index seek is a type of index access method that uses a seek operation to find the data, whil...read more

Authentication in .NET involves using various authentication mechanisms such as Forms Authentication, Windows Authentication, and OAuth.

• Use Forms Authentication for web applications

• Use Windows Authentication for intranet applications

• Use OAuth for third-party authentication

• Implement authentication using ASP.NET Identity

• Use secure password storage mechanisms such as hashing and salting

Null value in JavaScript represents absence of any object value.

• Null is a primitive value in JavaScript.

• It is assigned to a variable to indicate that it has no value.

• It is different from undefined, which means a variable has been declared but not assigned a value.

• Null is falsy in JavaScript, meaning it is considered false in a boolean context.

• Null can be used to clear the value of an object property.

To scale up application, use load balancers and monitor logs to identify failures.

• Use load balancers to distribute traffic across multiple instances

• Monitor logs to identify where the failure occurred

• Implement fault tolerance and redundancy to prevent future failures

• Use auto-scaling to automatically add or remove instances based on traffic

• Real-world example: Amazon Web Services (AWS) uses load balancers and auto-scaling to handle millions of requests

• Code example: Use try-catch...read more

I have worked with design patterns such as Singleton, Factory, Observer, and Strategy.

• Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

• Factory pattern creates objects without specifying the exact class of object that will be created.

• Observer pattern defines a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically.

• Strategy pattern defines a family...read more

A hashmap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses a hash function to map keys to their corresponding values.

• Hashmap uses a hash function to determine the index of the key-value pair in the underlying array.

• Collisions can occur when two keys hash to the same index, which is resolved using techniques like chaining or open addressing.

• Hashmap typically has an underlying array where each element is a linked list of key-value pairs with the same hash value.

• Retrievi...read more

I have worked on various message types including JSON, XML, SOAP, and REST.

• JSON - Used for data interchange between systems.

• XML - Used for defining document structures.

• SOAP - Used for communication between applications.

• REST - Used for building APIs and web services.

Junit test cases should always be re-run to ensure code quality and prevent regression.

• Junit test cases should be run after every code change.

• Test cases should cover all possible scenarios and edge cases.

• Test cases should be automated to save time and ensure consistency.

• Test cases should be reviewed and updated regularly.

• Regression testing should be performed to ensure new changes do not break existing functionality.

Count the frequency of each word in a given string.

• Split the string by spaces to get individual words.

• Use a hashmap to store each word and its frequency.

• Iterate through the words and update the hashmap accordingly.

• Print out the words and their frequencies in any order.

let, var and const are used to declare variables in JavaScript with different scoping rules and mutability.

• let and var are used to declare variables that can be reassigned later, but var has function scope while let has block scope.

• const is used to declare variables that cannot be reassigned and have block scope.

• Using const does not mean the value is immutable, only the variable reference is.

• let and const were introduced in ES6 while var has been around since the beginning of...read more

Middleware is software that acts as a bridge between different applications, allowing them to communicate and exchange data.

• Middleware is a layer of software that sits between applications and operating systems

• It provides services such as message routing, authentication, and data transformation

• Examples include Apache Tomcat, Microsoft IIS, and IBM WebSphere

LRU cache is a data structure that stores the most recently used items and removes the least recently used items when full.

• Use a doubly linked list to keep track of the order of items based on their usage.

• Use a hashmap to quickly access items in the cache.

• When an item is accessed, move it to the front of the linked list to mark it as the most recently used.

Java 8 features include lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods.

• Lambda expressions allow you to write code in a more concise and readable way.

• Functional interfaces enable the use of lambda expressions.

• Streams provide a way to work with collections of objects in a functional style.

• Default methods allow interfaces to have method implementations.

• Examples: Using lambda expressions to iterate over a list, using streams to filter and map data.

Event loop is a mechanism that allows non-blocking I/O operations in a single-threaded environment.

• Event loop is used in programming languages like JavaScript and Python.

• It manages the execution of multiple tasks by prioritizing them based on their priority level.

• It continuously checks for new events and executes them in a loop.

• It allows for efficient handling of I/O operations without blocking the main thread.

• It is commonly used in web development for handling client-server ...read more

The position property values in CSS determine how an element is positioned in a document.

• static: default value, elements are positioned according to the normal flow of the document

• relative: positioned relative to its normal position

• absolute: positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor

• fixed: positioned relative to the viewport, does not move when scrolled

• sticky: acts like a combination of relative and fixed positioning

Use a subquery to find the second highest salary in a table.

• Use a subquery to select the maximum salary from the table.

• Then use another subquery to select the maximum salary that is less than the maximum salary found in the first subquery.

Decorators in JavaScript are functions that allow you to add new functionality to existing objects or functions.

• Function decorators: Functions that take another function as an argument and return a new function that adds some kind of behavior.

• Class decorators: Functions that are used to modify classes in JavaScript.

• Method decorators: Functions that are used to modify methods within a class.

• Property decorators: Functions that are used to modify properties within a class.

I am proficient in Java, Python, and C++. I have 2 years of experience in software development. I have excellent communication skills for client interaction.

• Proficient in Java, Python, and C++

• 2 years of software development experience

• Excellent communication skills for client interaction

Radiology workflow involves the process of imaging, interpreting, and reporting on medical images.

• Patient arrives for imaging appointment

• Technologist performs imaging procedure (X-ray, MRI, CT scan, etc.)

• Images are sent to radiologist for interpretation

• Radiologist analyzes images and generates report

• Report is sent to referring physician for further action

Structural directives in Angular are used to modify the structure of the DOM by adding or removing elements based on conditions.

• Structural directives are preceded by an asterisk (*) in Angular templates.

• Common structural directives include *ngIf, *ngFor, and *ngSwitch.

• Example: <div *ngIf="condition">Content to show when condition is true</div>

I have used various HTML attributes such as id, class, src, href, alt, style, etc.

• id

• class

• src

• href

• alt

• style

Angular lifecycle hooks are methods that allow you to tap into the lifecycle of a component or directive.

• ngOnChanges - called when an input property changes

• ngOnInit - called once the component is initialized

• ngDoCheck - called during every change detection run

• ngAfterContentInit - called after content (ng-content) has been projected into the component

• ngAfterContentChecked - called after every check of the projected content

• ngAfterViewInit - called after the component's view has ...read more

Abstract classes can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interfaces can only have abstract methods.

• Abstract classes can have constructors, fields, and non-abstract methods.

• Interfaces can only have abstract methods and constants.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

Specificity rules in CSS determine which styles are applied to an element when multiple conflicting styles are present.

• Specificity is calculated based on the type of selector used (ID, class, element) and the number of each type of selector.

• ID selectors have the highest specificity, followed by class selectors, and then element selectors.

• Inline styles have the highest specificity and will always override external stylesheets.

• Specificity is represented by a four-part value (a,...read more

Print FizzBuzz based on divisibility condition

• Loop through numbers 1 to n

• If number is divisible by 3, print 'Fizz'

• If number is divisible by 5, print 'Buzz'

• If number is divisible by both 3 and 5, print 'FizzBuzz'

• Else, print the number

Python has several built-in datatypes including numeric, sequence, and mapping types.

• Numeric types include integers, floats, and complex numbers.

• Sequence types include lists, tuples, and range objects.

• Mapping types include dictionaries.

• Other datatypes include boolean, bytes, and sets.

Comparable is an interface used for natural ordering, while Comparator is an interface used for custom ordering in Java.

• Comparable interface is used to define the natural ordering of objects. It is implemented by the class whose objects are to be compared.

• Comparator interface is used to define custom ordering of objects. It is implemented by a separate class.

• Comparable interface has a single method, compareTo(), which compares the current object with another object.

• Comparator...read more

Azure and AWS are two major cloud service providers offering similar services but with some differences in features and pricing.

• AWS is the oldest and most widely used cloud service provider, while Azure is catching up quickly.

• Azure is known for its strong integration with Microsoft products and services, while AWS has a wider range of third-party integrations.

• AWS has a larger global presence with more data centers worldwide compared to Azure.

• Pricing models differ between the ...read more

Multithreading in Java allows for concurrent execution of multiple tasks, improving performance and responsiveness.

• 1. Improved performance by utilizing multiple CPU cores efficiently.

• 2. Enhanced responsiveness as tasks can run concurrently without blocking each other.

• 3. Simplified coding for complex tasks by breaking them into smaller threads.

• 4. Facilitates better resource utilization and scalability.

• 5. Examples: parallel processing in data analysis, handling multiple client ...read more

Angular is a front-end framework that uses components to build dynamic web applications.

• Angular applications are built using TypeScript, a superset of JavaScript.

• Components are the building blocks of an Angular application.

• Angular uses a hierarchical dependency injection system to manage dependencies.

• Angular applications are loaded and run in the browser.

• Angular applications can communicate with servers using HTTP requests.

It means that the table or view does not exist in the database.

• The query will fail and return an error message.

• The application may crash or behave unexpectedly.

• The table or view may have been deleted or renamed.

• Check the spelling and syntax of the query.

• Make sure the database connection is established and valid.

CSS specificity determines which style rules are applied to an element.

• Specificity is calculated based on the number of selectors and their types.

• Inline styles have the highest specificity.

• IDs have higher specificity than classes and attributes.

• The universal selector (*) has zero specificity.

• The !important keyword overrides specificity.

• Selectors with equal specificity are applied in the order they appear in the stylesheet.

Dependency injection is a design pattern where the dependencies of an object are provided externally rather than created within the object itself.

• Allows for easier testing by providing mock dependencies

• Promotes loose coupling between components

• Improves code reusability and maintainability

• Commonly used in frameworks like Spring in Java

Promise is a one-time operation that resolves or rejects, while Observable is a stream of multiple values over time.

• Promise is eager, Observable is lazy

• Promise can only handle a single value, Observable can handle multiple values

• Promise is not cancellable, Observable can be unsubscribed

• Promise is not composable, Observable is composable

• Example: Promise resolves with a single value like fetching data from an API, Observable streams multiple values like user input events

Procedures, Packages and Functions are all subprograms in PL/SQL with different characteristics.

• Procedures are subprograms that perform a specific task and may or may not return a value.

• Functions are subprograms that always return a value and can be used in SQL statements.

• Packages are a collection of related procedures, functions, variables, and other program constructs that can be used as a single unit.

• Packages provide better modularity, security, and performance than standa...read more

Various design patterns were used in projects including Singleton, Factory, and Observer.

• Singleton pattern was used to ensure a class has only one instance and provide a global point of access to it.

• Factory pattern was used to create objects without specifying the exact class of object that will be created.

• Observer pattern was used to define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automaticall...read more

To check if every step has a corresponding step definition, we can use a code coverage tool.

• Use a code coverage tool to analyze the step definition file and identify any missing steps

• Ensure that all steps in the feature file are covered by the step definition file

• Regularly review and update the step definition file to ensure it stays up-to-date with the feature file

Pure popes are those who have never been married, while impure popes are those who were previously married.

• Pure popes have never been married, following the tradition of celibacy in the Catholic Church.

• Impure popes were previously married before becoming pope, which is rare but has happened in history.

• Examples of impure popes include Pope Adrian II and Pope Clement IV.

Test cases for ATM

• Verify if the ATM is dispensing the correct amount of cash

• Check if the ATM is accepting valid cards and rejecting invalid ones

• Test if the ATM is able to handle multiple transactions in a row

• Ensure that the ATM is properly secured and user data is protected

Sanity, smoke, retesting, and regression are types of testing performed during software development.

• Sanity testing: Quick test to check if the software is stable enough for further testing.

• Smoke testing: Initial testing to ensure the basic functionalities of the software are working.

• Retesting: Testing done to verify that a specific bug or issue has been fixed.

• Regression testing: Testing done to ensure that new code changes have not adversely affected existing functionalities....read more

An object is a data structure that contains data and methods to manipulate that data.

• Objects are instances of classes in object-oriented programming

• They have attributes (data) and methods (functions)

• Example: A car object may have attributes like color, make, model and methods like start(), stop()

Views are virtual tables while Materialized Views are physical tables.

• Views are created using SELECT statement while Materialized Views are created using CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW statement.

• Views do not store data while Materialized Views store data.

• Views are updated dynamically while Materialized Views are updated manually or automatically based on refresh settings.

• Materialized Views are faster for read-heavy workloads while Views are faster for write-heavy workloads.

• Example:...read more

Java is a high-level programming language known for its platform independence and object-oriented features.

• Java is platform-independent, meaning it can run on any device with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

• It is object-oriented, allowing for the creation of reusable code and modular programs

• Java is known for its robust standard library, providing a wide range of pre-built functionality

• It supports multithreading, allowing for concurrent execution of multiple tasks

• Java is statical...read more

Authentication was done using a combination of username/password and token-based authentication.

• User credentials (username/password) were verified against stored data in the database

• Upon successful verification, a token was generated and sent to the user for subsequent requests

• Token was validated for each request to ensure the user's identity and permissions

Replacing a server involves migrating data, setting up new hardware, and testing for functionality.

• Backup all data and configurations from the old server

• Set up the new server hardware and install necessary software

• Migrate data and configurations to the new server

• Test the new server for functionality and performance

• Update DNS records and network configurations to point to the new server

To create a pipeline in ADF, you can use the Azure Data Factory UI or code-based approach.

• Use Azure Data Factory UI to visually create and manage pipelines

• Use code-based approach with JSON to define pipelines and activities

• Add activities such as data movement, data transformation, and data processing to the pipeline

• Set up triggers and schedules for the pipeline to run automatically

Stored procedures are precompiled SQL queries stored in the database, while functions are reusable blocks of code that return a value.

• Stored procedures are stored in the database and can perform multiple operations, while functions are standalone blocks of code.

• Functions return a value, while stored procedures do not necessarily have to return a value.

• Stored procedures can be called explicitly, while functions can be used in SQL queries directly.

• Stored procedures can have inp...read more

Non-functional testing focuses on the performance, usability, reliability, and other aspects of a system beyond its basic functionality.

• Non-functional testing evaluates the system's performance under load, its security, scalability, and other aspects.

• Examples include stress testing, load testing, security testing, usability testing, and compatibility testing.

• Non-functional testing helps ensure that the system meets the required quality standards and performs well in real-worl...read more

Slowly changing dimensions refer to data warehouse dimensions that change slowly over time.

• SCDs are used to track historical changes in data over time.

• There are three types of SCDs - Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3.

• Type 1 SCDs overwrite old data with new data, Type 2 creates new records for changes, and Type 3 maintains both old and new data in separate columns.

• Example: A customer's address changing would be a Type 2 SCD.

• Example: A product's price changing would be a Type 1 SCD.

A web-based application for managing housing society operations and communication

• Frontend: React.js for user interface

• Backend: Node.js for server-side logic

• Database: MongoDB for storing resident information and payment records

• Authentication: JWT for secure user authentication

• Communication: Email notifications for important updates

• Features: Visitor management, maintenance requests, payment tracking

Find pairs in an array that sum up to a specified number using efficient algorithms.

• Use a hash map to store elements and their indices for O(n) time complexity.

• Example: For array [1, 2, 3, 4] and target 5, pairs are (1, 4) and (2, 3).

• Iterate through the array, checking if target - current element exists in the map.

• Return pairs or indices based on requirements.

To create and optimize a React application, focus on efficient component structure, state management, code splitting, lazy loading, and performance monitoring.

• Use functional components and hooks for better performance.

• Implement state management with tools like Redux or Context API.

• Split code into smaller chunks and lazy load components for faster initial load times.

• Optimize performance by minimizing re-renders and using tools like React.memo and useMemo.

• Monitor performance us...read more

Triggers are database objects that are used to automatically execute a response when a specific event occurs.

• DML Triggers

• DDL Triggers

• Logon Triggers

• CLR Triggers

• INSTEAD OF Triggers

Program to check duplicate numbers in a phone number

• Convert phone number to an array of strings

• Loop through the array and check for duplicates

• Use a hash table to keep track of numbers already seen

To center align a square and circle inside a rectangle, calculate the center point of the rectangle and position the shapes accordingly.

• Calculate the center point of the rectangle using its width and height

• Position the square and circle by subtracting half of their width/height from the center point

• Use CSS to set the position of the shapes

Java 8 is a major release of the Java programming language with new features like lambda expressions, streams, and default methods.

• Lambda expressions allow you to treat functionality as a method argument.

• Streams provide a new abstraction to work with sequences of elements.

• Default methods allow interfaces to have method implementations.

• Date and Time API provides a new way to work with dates and times.

• Optional class helps to avoid null pointer exceptions.

Datawarehouse design patterns are strategies for organizing data in a datawarehouse to optimize performance and efficiency.

• Star schema

• Snowflake schema

• Galaxy schema

• Data Vault

• Federated datawarehouse

Object-oriented programming concepts that help in organizing and structuring code.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods together in a class.

• Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting their properties and behaviors.

• Polymorphism: Objects of different classes can be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details and providing simplified interfaces.

• Encapsulation: Protecting data from unauthorized access by usi...read more

getmetadata is used to retrieve metadata information about a dataset or data source.

• getmetadata can provide information about the structure, format, and properties of the data.

• It can be used to understand the data schema, column names, data types, and any constraints or relationships.

• This information is helpful for data engineers to properly process, transform, and analyze the data.

• For example, getmetadata can be used in data pipelines to dynamically adjust processing logic b...read more

Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details and restricting access to an object's data and methods.

• Encapsulation helps in achieving data abstraction and security.

• It allows for better control over the data and prevents accidental modification.

• It also enables easy modification of implementation details without affecting the rest of the code.

• For example, a class can have private variables and public methods to access and modify them.

To create slice and combine reducers in React, use the createSlice and combineReducers functions from Redux toolkit.

• Use createSlice function to define a slice of state with reducers and actions.

• Example: const counterSlice = createSlice({ name: 'counter', initialState: 0, reducers: { increment: state => state + 1, decrement: state => state - 1 } })

• Use combineReducers function to combine multiple slices into a single root reducer.

• Example: const rootReducer = combineReducers({ c...read more

Design patterns provide reusable solutions to common problems, enhancing code maintainability and scalability.

• Promote code reusability: For example, the Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance, which can be reused throughout the application.

• Improve code readability: Patterns like MVC (Model-View-Controller) separate concerns, making the code easier to understand.

• Facilitate communication: Using common design patterns helps developers discuss solutions more effe...read more

Spark performance problems can arise due to inefficient code, data skew, resource constraints, and improper configuration.

• Inefficient code can lead to slow performance, such as using collect() on large datasets.

• Data skew can cause uneven distribution of data across partitions, impacting processing time.

• Resource constraints like insufficient memory or CPU can result in slow Spark jobs.

• Improper configuration settings, such as too few executors or memory allocation, can hinder p...read more

To select an element from a drop down, locate the drop down element and use the select class in Selenium.

• Locate the drop down element using findElement() method

• Create an object of Select class using the drop down element

• Use selectByVisibleText(), selectByValue() or selectByIndex() method to select the desired option

Marker interface is an empty interface used to mark classes for special treatment.

• Marker interface has no methods or fields, it is used to provide metadata about the class.

• It is used by frameworks or APIs to identify classes that implement the interface.

• Examples include Serializable interface in Java, which marks classes as serializable.

Major financial statements include income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement, which are interconnected through net income and retained earnings.

• Income statement shows revenues and expenses, resulting in net income.

• Balance sheet displays assets, liabilities, and equity, with net income affecting retained earnings.

• Cash flow statement details cash inflows and outflows, reconciling with changes in cash on the balance sheet.

• Net income from the income statement flows...read more

SCD type2 table is used to track historical changes in data by creating new records for each change.

• Contains current and historical data

• New records are created for each change

• Includes effective start and end dates for each record

• Requires additional columns like surrogate keys and version numbers

• Used for slowly changing dimensions in data warehousing

Singleton class is a class that can only have one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

• Singleton class restricts the instantiation of a class to one object.

• It provides a way to access its unique instance globally.

• Commonly used in scenarios where only one instance of a class is needed, such as database connections or thread pools.

Agile is a methodology that emphasizes flexibility and collaboration. Agile Scrum is a framework for implementing Agile.

• Agile focuses on delivering working software in short iterations

• Agile values individuals and interactions over processes and tools

• Agile encourages customer collaboration and responding to change

• Agile Scrum includes ceremonies such as Sprint Planning, Daily Stand-up, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective

• Sprint Planning involves the team planning the work to...read more

Performing operations on an array of objects using JavaScript.

• Use array methods like map, filter, reduce for operations on object array.

• Access object properties using dot notation or bracket notation.

• Iterate through the array using loops like for loop or forEach method.

• Example: Calculate total sum of 'price' property in an array of products.

GEN AI enhances chatbot creation by leveraging advanced NLP and machine learning techniques for improved user interaction.

• Utilizes Natural Language Processing (NLP) to understand user queries more effectively.

• Generates contextually relevant responses using transformer models like GPT-3.

• Implements reinforcement learning to improve response accuracy over time.

• Can be fine-tuned on specific datasets to cater to niche domains, such as customer support or healthcare.

• Supports multi-...read more

Encapsulation in JavaScript is achieved through the use of closures and modules.

• Encapsulation is the practice of keeping variables and functions private within a class or module.

• Closures allow for private variables and functions to be created within a function.

• Modules are self-contained units of code that can be imported and used in other parts of the application.

• The revealing module pattern is a common way to implement encapsulation in JavaScript.

Inheritance is a mechanism in OOP where a new class is derived from an existing class.

• It allows the new class to inherit the properties and methods of the existing class.

• Types of inheritance: Single, Multiple, Multilevel, Hierarchical, Hybrid.

• Example: A class 'Car' can inherit from a class 'Vehicle' which has properties like 'speed', 'fuel type', etc.

HashMap in Java is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and allows fast retrieval of values based on keys.

• HashMap uses hashing to store key-value pairs in an array of linked lists.

• It allows null keys and values.

• HashMap provides constant-time performance for basic operations like get and put.

• Example: HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("key1", 1); int value = map.get("key1");

List is mutable, tuple is immutable in Python.

• List can be modified after creation, tuple cannot be modified.

• List uses square brackets [], tuple uses parentheses ().

• Lists are used for collections of items that may need to be changed, tuples are used for fixed collections of items.

• Example: list_example = [1, 2, 3], tuple_example = (4, 5, 6)

Liveness and readiness probes are used in Kubernetes to check the health of containers.

• Liveness probe checks if a container is running and healthy. If it fails, Kubernetes restarts the container.

• Readiness probe checks if a container is ready to serve traffic. If it fails, Kubernetes stops sending traffic to the container.

• Probes are configured in the pod's YAML file using the 'livenessProbe' and 'readinessProbe' fields.

• Examples of probes include HTTP requests, TCP socket check...read more

In automation testing, waits are crucial for synchronizing test execution with application behavior.

• Implicit Wait: Sets a default wait time for the entire session. Example: driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

• Explicit Wait: Waits for a specific condition to occur before proceeding. Example: WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10); wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(element));

• Fluent Wait: Similar to explicit wait but allows pollin...read more

Datalake 1 and Datalake 2 are both storage systems for big data, but they may differ in terms of architecture, scalability, and use cases.

• Datalake 1 may use a Hadoop-based architecture while Datalake 2 may use a cloud-based architecture like AWS S3 or Azure Data Lake Storage.

• Datalake 1 may be more suitable for on-premise data storage and processing, while Datalake 2 may offer better scalability and flexibility for cloud-based environments.

• Datalake 1 may be more cost-effective...read more

Star schema is denormalized with one central fact table surrounded by dimension tables, while snowflake schema is normalized with multiple related dimension tables.

• Star schema is easier to understand and query due to denormalization.

• Snowflake schema saves storage space by normalizing data.

• Star schema is better for data warehousing and OLAP applications.

• Snowflake schema is better for OLTP systems with complex relationships.

repartition increases partitions while coalesce decreases partitions in Spark

• repartition shuffles data and can be used for increasing partitions for parallelism

• coalesce reduces partitions without shuffling data, useful for reducing overhead

• repartition is more expensive than coalesce as it involves data movement

• example: df.repartition(10) vs df.coalesce(5)

I have exposure to healthcare domain.

• Worked as a business analyst for a healthcare company for 2 years.

• Analyzed data related to patient care, insurance claims, and medical billing.

• Familiar with healthcare regulations such as HIPAA and HITECH.

• Collaborated with healthcare professionals to identify process improvements.

• Attended industry conferences and workshops to stay up-to-date on healthcare trends.

Context API in React is a way to pass data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level.

• Context API provides a way to share values like themes, user data, etc. across the component tree without having to pass props down manually.

• It consists of three main parts: Provider, Consumer, and useContext hook.

• Provider component allows the data to be passed down to the tree, Consumer component consumes the data, and useContext hook allows functio...read more

Developed a custom Drupal module for creating a custom content type with specific fields and functionality.

• Created a custom module folder within the Drupal installation

• Defined the custom content type and its fields in the module's .info file

• Implemented hook functions to handle data processing and display logic

• Used Drupal's Form API to create custom forms for data input and editing

• Integrated with other Drupal modules or external services for additional functionality

SQL queries to find duplicates

• Use GROUP BY and HAVING clause to find duplicates

• Use COUNT() function to count the number of occurrences

• Use self-join to compare rows within the same table

• Use subquery to find duplicates in a specific column

Remove duplicates from array of strings without using set.

• Iterate through the array and compare each element with all other elements to find duplicates.

• Create a new array and add elements only if they are not already present in the new array.

Agile process is an iterative approach to software development that emphasizes flexibility and customer satisfaction.

• Agile process involves breaking down the development process into small, manageable chunks called sprints.

• It emphasizes collaboration between team members and with the customer to ensure that the end product meets their needs.

• Agile process values working software over comprehensive documentation.

• It allows for changes to be made throughout the development proces...read more

Renditions are different versions or variations of a digital asset, created to meet specific requirements or optimize performance.

• Renditions are alternate versions of a digital asset, such as images or videos.

• They are created to serve different purposes, such as displaying on different devices or optimizing loading times.

• Renditions can have different resolutions, file formats, compression levels, or color profiles.

• For example, a high-resolution image can have renditions for w...read more

Reverse an integer in Java

• Convert integer to string using Integer.toString()

• Use StringBuilder to reverse the string

• Convert the reversed string back to integer using Integer.parseInt()

Use Python's 'with' statement to ensure proper resource management and exception handling.

• Use 'with' statement to automatically close files after use

• Helps in managing resources like database connections

• Ensures proper cleanup even in case of exceptions

Parquet file format is a columnar storage format used for efficient data storage and processing.

• Parquet files store data in a columnar format, which allows for efficient querying and processing of specific columns without reading the entire file.

• It supports complex nested data structures like arrays and maps.

• Parquet files are highly compressed, reducing storage space and improving query performance.

• It is commonly used in big data processing frameworks like Apache Spark and Ha...read more

The task is to find all pairs in an array that add up to a given sum.

• Iterate through the array and store each element in a hash set.

• For each element, check if the difference between the sum and the element exists in the hash set.

• If it does, add the pair to the result list.

Binary tree implementation involves nodes with at most two children, left and right.

• Nodes have a parent-child relationship

• Traversal methods include in-order, pre-order, and post-order

• Balanced vs unbalanced trees affect performance

The year over year sales difference is the comparison of sales from one year to the next to determine growth or decline.

• Calculate the total sales for the current year and the previous year

• Subtract the total sales of the previous year from the total sales of the current year

• The result will show the year over year sales difference

Program to remove duplicates from an array of strings

• Iterate through the array and store each element in a set to keep track of unique elements

• Create a new array with the unique elements from the set

Container creation in terraform involves defining a container resource in a terraform configuration file.

• Define a container resource in the terraform configuration file using the 'docker_container' or 'container' provider.

• Specify the image, name, ports, and other necessary configurations for the container.

• Run 'terraform init' and 'terraform apply' to create the container based on the defined configuration.

Bias refers to error due to overly simplistic assumptions, while variance refers to error due to excessive complexity in the model.

• Bias is the error introduced by approximating a real-world problem with a simplified model. Example: Linear regression on non-linear data.

• Variance is the error introduced by the model's sensitivity to small fluctuations in the training set. Example: A decision tree that perfectly fits training data.

• High bias can lead to underfitting, where the mod...read more

Vendor prefixes are used in CSS to add experimental features that are not yet standardized.

• Vendor prefixes are added to CSS properties to support experimental features.

• They are used to test new features before they are standardized.

• Examples of vendor prefixes include -webkit-, -moz-, -ms-, and -o-.

• Vendor prefixes should be used sparingly and with caution, as they can cause compatibility issues.

• It is important to include the standard version of the property after the vendor-pr...read more