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Calculate the minimum cost to join a list of strings by merging them optimally based on their lengths.
Cost Calculation: The cost of joining two strings is the sum of their lengths. For example, joining 'abc' (3) and 'de' (2) costs 5.
Greedy Approach: Always merge the two shortest strings first to minimize the overall cost. For example, merging 'a' and 'b' first is cheaper than merging longer strings.
Priority Queue:...
Find the longest substring in a given string that contains all unique characters.
Use a sliding window approach to track the current substring.
Maintain a set to store unique characters and their indices.
Expand the window by moving the right pointer and check for duplicates.
If a duplicate is found, move the left pointer to the right of the last occurrence of the duplicate.
Example: For 'abcabcbb', the longest substri...
A min heap is a complete binary tree where the parent node is less than or equal to its children.
A min heap can be implemented using an array where for any element at index i, its children are at indices 2i+1 and 2i+2.
To maintain the min heap property, we can use the 'insert' operation which involves adding the element at the end and then 'bubbling up'.
Example: Inserting 5 into a min heap [3, 4, 8] results in [3, ...
Sorting a two-dimensional array involves organizing its rows or columns based on specific criteria.
1. Choose a sorting criterion: Decide whether to sort by rows or columns.
2. Use a sorting algorithm: Common algorithms include QuickSort, MergeSort, or built-in functions.
3. Example: Sorting rows based on the first element: [['banana', 'apple'], ['cherry', 'date']] becomes [['banana', 'apple'], ['cherry', 'date']].
4....
Use SQL query to find 5th max salary from employee_table.
Use ORDER BY clause to sort salaries in descending order.
Use LIMIT 1 OFFSET 4 to get the 5th highest salary.
Example: SELECT salary FROM employee_table ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 1 OFFSET 4;
SLA is an agreement between a service provider and a customer, while OLA is an agreement between different teams within the same organization.
SLA (Service Level Agreement) is an agreement between a service provider and a customer, outlining the level of service that is expected.
OLA (Operational Level Agreement) is an agreement between different teams within the same organization, defining the responsibilities and ...
Calculate average salary of employees for each department and order employees within a department by age.
Group employees by department and calculate average salary for each group
Sort employees within each department by age
Display the results
Use the DISTINCT keyword in a SELECT query to remove duplicates from a dataset.
Use the SELECT DISTINCT statement to retrieve unique rows from a table
Example: SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2 FROM table_name;
Another way is to use the GROUP BY clause with aggregate functions like COUNT() or SUM() to remove duplicates
Use a subquery to find the third highest salary in a table using SQL.
Use the ORDER BY clause to sort the salaries in descending order.
Use the LIMIT clause to limit the results to the third row.
Use a subquery to select the third highest salary from the sorted list.
Overfitting occurs when a model learns the noise in the training data rather than the underlying pattern.
Regularization techniques like L1 and L2 regularization can help prevent overfitting by penalizing large coefficients.
Cross-validation can be used to evaluate the model's performance on unseen data and prevent overfitting.
Feature selection or dimensionality reduction techniques can help reduce overfitting by fo...
I appeared for an interview in May 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
Detect duplicates in an array of strings using various methods.
Use a HashSet to track seen strings. If a string is already in the set, it's a duplicate. Example: ['apple', 'banana', 'apple'] -> 'apple' is a duplicate.
Sort the array and check adjacent elements for duplicates. Example: ['apple', 'banana', 'apple'] becomes ['apple', 'apple', 'banana'].
Use a frequency map (dictionary) to count occurrences. Example: {'ap...
I appeared for an interview in Jan 2025.
Use SQL query to find 5th max salary from employee_table.
Use ORDER BY clause to sort salaries in descending order.
Use LIMIT 1 OFFSET 4 to get the 5th highest salary.
Example: SELECT salary FROM employee_table ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 1 OFFSET 4;
Calculate average salary of employees for each department and order employees within a department by age.
Group employees by department and calculate average salary for each group
Sort employees within each department by age
Display the results
SLA is an agreement between a service provider and a customer, while OLA is an agreement between different teams within the same organization.
SLA (Service Level Agreement) is an agreement between a service provider and a customer, outlining the level of service that is expected.
OLA (Operational Level Agreement) is an agreement between different teams within the same organization, defining the responsibilities and expec...
Views and triggers are SQL database objects used for data manipulation and automation.
Views are virtual tables that display data from one or more tables based on a query.
Triggers are special stored procedures that are automatically executed in response to certain events on a table.
Views can simplify complex queries by predefining joins and filters.
Triggers can enforce data integrity rules or automate tasks like auditin...
Use the DISTINCT keyword in a SELECT query to remove duplicates from a dataset.
Use the SELECT DISTINCT statement to retrieve unique rows from a table
Example: SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2 FROM table_name;
Another way is to use the GROUP BY clause with aggregate functions like COUNT() or SUM() to remove duplicates
Use a subquery to find the third highest salary in a table using SQL.
Use the ORDER BY clause to sort the salaries in descending order.
Use the LIMIT clause to limit the results to the third row.
Use a subquery to select the third highest salary from the sorted list.
Different roles in Power BI include Power BI Developer, Power BI Analyst, Power BI Administrator, and Power BI User.
Power BI Developer - responsible for creating and maintaining Power BI reports and dashboards
Power BI Analyst - analyzes data using Power BI to provide insights and recommendations
Power BI Administrator - manages security, access, and data sources in Power BI
Power BI User - consumes reports and dashboards...
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Sep 2024. There were 4 interview rounds.
I am a Data Ops Engineer with a strong background in data management and automation.
Experienced in setting up data pipelines and ETL processes
Proficient in SQL, Python, and cloud platforms like AWS
Skilled in troubleshooting and optimizing data workflows
I am a Data Ops Engineer with experience in managing data pipelines, ensuring data quality, and optimizing data processes.
Experienced in building and maintaining data pipelines
Skilled in data quality assurance and data governance
Proficient in optimizing data processes for efficiency
Familiar with tools like Apache Airflow, AWS Glue, and SQL databases
I am a Data Ops Engineer with a strong background in data management and automation.
Experienced in setting up and maintaining data pipelines
Proficient in scripting languages like Python and SQL
Skilled in data quality monitoring and troubleshooting
Familiar with cloud platforms like AWS and GCP
My current salary is split between base salary and bonuses.
Base salary makes up 70% of my total salary
Bonuses make up the remaining 30%
For example, if my total salary is $100,000, my base salary would be $70,000 and bonuses would be $30,000
I am looking for a competitive salary based on my experience and skills in the industry.
Research the average salary range for Data Ops Engineers in the specific location
Consider your years of experience and relevant skills when determining your expected salary
Be prepared to negotiate based on the company's budget and benefits package
SQL+CODING QUESTIONS
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Nov 2024. There was 1 interview round.
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Aug 2024. There was 1 interview round.
Redis is single-threaded.
Redis is single-threaded, meaning it can only execute one command at a time.
This design choice allows Redis to be extremely fast and efficient for certain use cases.
However, it also means that Redis may not be the best choice for highly concurrent workloads.
Data types that can be used as keys in Python include strings, integers, floats, tuples, and custom objects.
Strings are commonly used as keys in Python dictionaries.
Integers and floats can also be used as keys.
Tuples can be used as keys if they only contain immutable elements.
Custom objects can be used as keys if they are hashable.
Examples: {'name': 'John'}, {1: 'apple'}, {(1, 2): 'tuple'}
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Nov 2024. There were 2 interview rounds.
Solid understanding of OOP concepts and recursion problem-solving skills are essential for a Senior SDET Software Engineer role.
OOP concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
Recursion is a technique where a function calls itself to solve a problem.
Understanding how to break down a problem into smaller subproblems and solve them recursively is key.
Examples of recursion problems include f...
In given array find sum of 3 number equal to targetsum
A self join in SQL allows a table to be joined with itself to compare rows within the same table.
Self join is useful for hierarchical data, e.g., employees and their managers.
Example: SELECT a.EmployeeID, a.Name, b.Name AS ManagerName FROM Employees a JOIN Employees b ON a.ManagerID = b.EmployeeID;
It can also be used to find duplicates or compare rows, e.g., finding employees with the same job title.
Self joins require ...
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The duration of Innovaccer interview process can vary, but typically it takes about less than 2 weeks to complete.
based on 70 interview experiences
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10-14 Yrs
₹ 70-40 LPA
14-16 Yrs
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8-10 Yrs
₹ 55-44 LPA
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