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A framework in software QA provides a structured approach for testing, ensuring consistency and efficiency in the testing process.
Defines the testing process: A framework outlines the steps involved in testing, such as planning, execution, and reporting.
Promotes reusability: For example, a test automation framework allows testers to reuse code for similar test cases, saving time.
Enhances collaboration: Frameworks ...
Custom hooks can be created as functions or components, each serving different purposes in React.
Custom hooks as functions: They encapsulate reusable logic and can use other hooks internally.
Example: function useFetch(url) { const [data, setData] = useState(null); useEffect(() => { fetch(url).then(...); }, [url]); return data; }
Custom hooks as components: They can manage state and lifecycle methods but are less...
The inset property in CSS is a shorthand for setting the top, right, bottom, and left properties simultaneously.
The inset property can take values in pixels, percentages, or other units, e.g., inset(10px 20px 30px 40px).
It can also accept the 'auto' value, e.g., inset(auto).
When used, it positions an element relative to its nearest positioned ancestor.
The inset property is particularly useful for creating responsi...
Objects are key-value pairs with string keys, while Maps allow any data type as keys and maintain insertion order.
Objects can only have string or symbol keys, while Maps can have keys of any type (e.g., objects, functions).
Maps maintain the order of elements based on insertion, whereas objects do not guarantee order.
Maps have a size property that returns the number of key-value pairs, while objects require manual ...
Velocity is a measure of the rate and direction of motion, often used in physics and project management.
In physics, velocity is defined as the displacement of an object divided by the time taken.
Example: If a car travels 100 meters north in 5 seconds, its velocity is 20 m/s north.
In project management, velocity refers to the amount of work completed in a given time frame, often measured in story points.
Example: A ...
Webpack is a powerful module bundler for JavaScript applications, optimizing assets for production.
Webpack bundles JavaScript files for usage in a browser, allowing for modular development.
It supports various file types, including CSS, images, and fonts, through loaders.
Webpack can optimize assets by minifying code and splitting bundles for better performance.
It uses a configuration file (webpack.config.js) to def...
Find the Kth smallest element in a binary search tree (BST) using in-order traversal.
In a BST, the in-order traversal yields elements in sorted order.
To find the Kth smallest, perform an in-order traversal and count nodes.
Stop when the count reaches K to retrieve the Kth smallest element.
Example: For a BST with values [5, 3, 8, 1, 4], the 3rd smallest is 4.
Load balancers distribute traffic across servers, while Ingress manages external access to services in Kubernetes.
Load balancers operate at Layer 4 (Transport) or Layer 7 (Application) of the OSI model.
Ingress is specific to Kubernetes and provides HTTP routing to services based on rules.
Load balancers can be hardware-based (like F5) or software-based (like HAProxy).
Ingress controllers can use various backends, su...
Blue-green deployment in Kubernetes allows seamless updates with minimal downtime by switching traffic between two identical environments.
Create two identical environments: 'blue' (current) and 'green' (new).
Deploy the new version of the application to the 'green' environment.
Use a Kubernetes Service to route traffic to the 'blue' environment initially.
Switch the Service to point to the 'green' environment once te...
Dynamically creating volumes in Kubernetes involves using Persistent Volume Claims (PVCs) and Storage Classes.
Use a StorageClass to define the type of storage and its parameters.
Create a Persistent Volume Claim (PVC) that requests storage from the StorageClass.
Kubernetes will automatically provision a Persistent Volume (PV) based on the PVC.
Example of a StorageClass definition: ```yaml apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v...
I appeared for an interview in Dec 2024.
Basic quant and reasoning questions
Selenium MCQ
Java programs with MCQ
The driver is typically initialized in the setup method of a test automation framework.
Driver initialization is usually done in a setup method before test execution.
Commonly used methods for driver initialization include WebDriverManager, System.setProperty, and driver instantiation.
Example: WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
Driver can be both static and non-static depending on the context of its usage.
Driver class can be static if it is used to initiate the WebDriver instance in a test automation framework.
Driver class can be non-static if it is used as an instance variable within a test class.
Static driver can be accessed directly without creating an object of the class.
Non-static driver requires an object of the class to be created befo...
Static variables belong to the class itself, while non-static variables belong to instances of the class.
Static variables are shared among all instances of a class
Non-static variables are unique to each instance of a class
Static variables are initialized only once, at the start of the program
Non-static variables are initialized separately for each instance of the class
Static and non-static have their own disadvantages in QA automation testing.
Static methods cannot be overridden or inherited, making it difficult to create flexible test cases.
Non-static methods require an instance of the class to be created, which can lead to increased memory usage.
Static methods can lead to tight coupling between classes, making it harder to maintain and update the code.
Non-static methods may have de...
TestNG allows parallel execution of test cases to save time and improve efficiency.
TestNG provides the 'parallel' attribute in the testng.xml file to specify the level of parallelism for test execution.
Parallel execution can be achieved at the test level, class level, method level, or suite level.
TestNG also supports parallel execution of tests across multiple classes or suites using the 'parallel' attribute in the sui...
Parallel testing in TestNG allows running tests concurrently for faster execution.
Use 'parallel' attribute in testng.xml file to specify parallel execution mode.
Set 'parallel' attribute to 'methods', 'classes', or 'tests' based on the level of parallelism needed.
Example: <suite name='MySuite' parallel='tests'>
Use 'thread-count' attribute to specify the number of threads to use for parallel execution.
Parallel methods run multiple methods concurrently within a single test, while parallel tests run multiple tests concurrently.
Parallel methods execute multiple methods within a single test class concurrently.
Parallel tests execute multiple test classes concurrently.
Parallel methods are useful for speeding up the execution of a single test, while parallel tests are useful for running multiple tests faster.
Example: Runni...
Use Rest Assured to upload a file
Use the given file path to create a File object
Use MultiPartSpecBuilder to build the request with the file
Send the request using Rest Assured's given(), when(), and post() methods
The parameter for a POST method in Postman is typically sent in the request body.
Parameters are sent in the request body in key-value pairs
Parameters can be sent as form-data, x-www-form-urlencoded, or raw JSON
Example: {"key": "value"}
Cucumber knows the step definition file based on the annotations provided in the feature files.
Cucumber uses annotations like @Given, @When, @Then to map steps in feature files to corresponding step definition methods.
Step definition files are typically placed in a separate package or directory within the project structure.
Cucumber scans the project directory for step definition files based on the package structure and...
Parameters used in cucumber are used to pass values to the step definitions in feature files.
Parameters are defined in feature files using < > syntax
Parameters can be passed to step definitions using Regular Expressions
Parameters can be used to make scenarios more reusable and dynamic
Datatable in Cucumber is used to pass multiple sets of data to a step definition in a scenario.
Datatables are defined using pipes (|) to separate values
Each row in the datatable represents a set of data passed to the step definition
Datatables can be used for parameterization and data-driven testing
Yes, I have created the test plan document at the start of the project.
Yes, I always create a test plan document at the beginning of a project to outline the testing approach and strategy.
The test plan document includes details on scope, objectives, resources, schedule, and test cases.
It helps in ensuring that all stakeholders are aligned on the testing process and expectations.
For example, in my previous project, I cr...
During the initial testing cycle of a project, focus is on establishing test cases, setting up test environments, and identifying potential issues.
Creating test cases based on requirements
Setting up test environments
Identifying potential issues and risks
Executing test cases and reporting defects
Collaborating with developers to resolve issues
Fibonacci sequence is a mathematical pattern where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.
Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.
The sequence starts with 1, 2, then each subsequent number is the sum of the two previous numbers (1+2=3, 2+3=5, 3+5=8, and so on).
This sequence is used in estimating because it reflects natural growth patterns found in natur...
Testing matrix is a tool used to track test coverage and automation ROI is the return on investment from implementing automation testing.
Testing matrix is a visual representation of test cases, test scenarios, and their coverage across different platforms, browsers, devices, etc.
Automation ROI is the measure of the benefits gained from automation testing compared to the costs incurred in implementing and maintaining th...
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Nov 2024. There were 2 interview rounds.
The Aptitude Test session accesses mathematical and logical reasoning abilities
Vlookup is a function in Excel used to search for a value in a table and return a corresponding value from another column.
Vlookup stands for 'Vertical Lookup'
It is commonly used in Excel to search for a value in the leftmost column of a table and return a value in the same row from a specified column
Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
Example: =VLOOKUP(A2, B2:D10, 3, FALSE) - searc...
My day in my previous organization involved analyzing large datasets, creating reports, and presenting findings to stakeholders.
Reviewing and cleaning large datasets to ensure accuracy
Creating visualizations and reports to communicate insights
Collaborating with team members to identify trends and patterns
Presenting findings to stakeholders in meetings or presentations
I possess strong technical skills in data analysis, including proficiency in programming languages, statistical analysis, and data visualization tools.
Proficient in programming languages such as Python, R, SQL
Skilled in statistical analysis and data modeling techniques
Experience with data visualization tools like Tableau, Power BI
Knowledge of machine learning algorithms and techniques
A Pivot Table is a data summarization tool used in spreadsheet programs to analyze, summarize, and present data in a tabular format.
Pivot tables allow users to reorganize and summarize selected columns and rows of data to obtain desired insights.
Users can easily group and filter data, perform calculations, and create visualizations using pivot tables.
Pivot tables are commonly used in Excel and other spreadsheet program...
To find the highest-paid employee in each department, we need to group employees by department and then select the employee with the highest salary in each group.
Group employees by department
Find the employee with the highest salary in each group
Retrieve the employee's name, salary, and department name
I applied via LinkedIn and was interviewed in Sep 2024. There were 3 interview rounds.
Basic interview on question like aptitude, javascript, typescript and react-native question
Function currying is a technique in functional programming where a function with multiple arguments is transformed into a sequence of nested functions, each taking a single argument.
Currying allows you to partially apply a function by fixing a number of arguments, which creates a new function.
It helps in creating reusable functions and improves code readability.
Example: const add = (a) => (b) => a + b; const add5 = add...
IIFE stands for Immediately Invoked Function Expression, used for creating a function that is executed immediately after it is defined.
IIFE is used to create a private scope for variables to avoid polluting the global scope.
It is commonly used in React Native development to encapsulate code and prevent naming conflicts.
Example: (function() { console.log('IIFE executed'); })();
Call stack is used to keep track of function calls, while event loop manages asynchronous operations in JavaScript.
Call stack is a data structure that keeps track of function calls in a program.
When a function is called, it is added to the top of the call stack. When the function completes, it is removed from the stack.
Event loop is responsible for managing asynchronous operations in JavaScript, ensuring that they are ...
I appeared for an interview in Apr 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
I appeared for an interview in Jan 2025.
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Oct 2024. There were 3 interview rounds.
It contain 40 question which is very easy
It contain 3 coding question
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Sep 2024. There were 4 interview rounds.
Coding + aptitude test
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Jul 2024. There were 2 interview rounds.
Online Written MCQ Aptitude test was conducted to filter candidates at first stage.
Implementing BADIs involves creating an enhancement implementation and activating it in the system.
Identify the BADI relevant to the requirement
Create an enhancement implementation using transaction SE18
Implement the necessary logic in the BADI implementation
Activate the BADI implementation using transaction SE19
Filter BADI is quick due to its ability to selectively filter data based on specific criteria.
Filter BADI allows for selective filtering of data based on specific criteria, reducing the amount of data processed.
It can be implemented at various levels in the SAP system, such as at the application level or database level.
Filter BADI can improve performance by reducing the number of records retrieved from the database.
It ...
Screen enhancement can be implemented by using screen exits or BADI implementations in SAP.
Screen exits can be implemented using transaction SMOD or CMOD to add custom fields or logic to standard SAP screens.
BADI implementations can be used to enhance screens by implementing custom logic at specific points in standard SAP transactions.
Enhancements can also be achieved using SAP Screen Personas for a more user-friendly ...
To ensure currency column has different decimals based on currency in ABAP Report, use field symbols and currency conversion functions.
Use field symbols to dynamically assign the number of decimal places based on the currency
Utilize currency conversion functions like 'CONVERT_TO_FOREIGN_CURRENCY' to handle different decimal places for different currencies
Implement logic to determine the currency and set the decimal pla...
Use the WRITE statement with the addition COLOR to color a single column and single row in ABAP Report.
Use the WRITE statement with the addition COLOR to specify the color for the text output.
For coloring a single column, use the WRITE statement within a loop for each row and specify the column number.
For coloring a single row, use the WRITE statement for each column in that row and specify the row number.
To implement a solution in SAP, follow these steps: analyze requirements, design solution, configure system, test, deploy, and support.
Analyze the business requirements to understand the scope of the solution.
Design the solution architecture and create a detailed plan.
Configure the SAP system according to the design specifications.
Test the solution to ensure it meets the requirements and is error-free.
Deploy the soluti...
I appeared for an interview in Oct 2024, where I was asked the following questions.
A Product Owner's daily activities involve prioritizing tasks, collaborating with teams, and ensuring product vision aligns with stakeholder needs.
Prioritizing the product backlog based on stakeholder feedback and business value, e.g., using MoSCoW method.
Collaborating with the development team during daily stand-ups to clarify requirements and address any blockers.
Engaging with stakeholders to gather feedback and vali...
I assess risks and dependencies through structured analysis, stakeholder engagement, and iterative reviews.
Identify stakeholders: Engage with team members, users, and other stakeholders to gather insights on potential risks.
Conduct risk assessment workshops: Facilitate sessions to brainstorm and evaluate risks associated with the feature or epic.
Use risk matrices: Create a risk matrix to categorize risks based on their...
I prioritize backlog items by assessing stakeholder needs, business value, and technical feasibility.
Engage with stakeholders to understand their needs and expectations, e.g., conducting interviews or surveys.
Evaluate business value by considering potential ROI, e.g., prioritizing features that drive revenue.
Assess technical feasibility and dependencies, e.g., collaborating with the development team to identify technic...
I applied via Company Website and was interviewed in Sep 2024. There were 4 interview rounds.
Simple aptitude qyestions
! simple and 1 medium levelleetcode questions
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The duration of Nagarro interview process can vary, but typically it takes about less than 2 weeks to complete.
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Associate Staff Engineer
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