20+ AI Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Metrics to evaluate after training an AI model

• Accuracy

• Precision

• Recall

• F1 Score

• Confusion Matrix

• ROC Curve

• Loss Function

• Learning Rate

• Training Time

Transformer-based LLMs use self-attention and feedforward networks for processing sequential data efficiently.

• Architecture consists of an encoder-decoder structure, though many LLMs use only the decoder.

• Self-attention mechanism allows the model to weigh the importance of different words in a sentence.

• Positional encoding is used to retain the order of words since transformers do not have a built-in sense of sequence.

• Examples include BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations ...read more

The best way to store information in a Vector DB is by using a combination of indexing and compression techniques.

• Use indexing to quickly locate specific data points within the Vector DB.

• Implement compression techniques to reduce storage space and improve query performance.

• Consider using a columnar storage format for efficient data retrieval and analysis.

• Utilize vectorized processing for faster query execution on large datasets.

LLMS stands for Large Language Models, vector databases are used for efficient storage and retrieval of vectors, RAG stands for Retrieval-Augmented Generation.

• LLMS refers to large language models used in natural language processing tasks.

• Vector databases are designed for storing and querying vector data efficiently.

• RAG is a model that combines retrieval and generation in natural language processing tasks.

Optimise retrieval from Vector DB by using indexing, caching, and query optimization techniques.

• Implement indexing on frequently queried fields to speed up retrieval.

• Utilize caching mechanisms to store frequently accessed vectors in memory for faster retrieval.

• Optimize queries by using efficient algorithms and data structures to reduce retrieval time.

• Consider using parallel processing techniques to retrieve vectors in parallel for improved performance.

Create a program to print a given pattern using inheritance

• Create a base class with a method to print the pattern

• Create a derived class that inherits from the base class and overrides the print method to print the specific pattern

• Use the derived class to print the pattern

Address Ai hallucination by implementing robust validation checks, diverse training data, and regular monitoring.

• Implement robust validation checks to detect and prevent hallucinations during inference.

• Use diverse training data to expose the AI model to a wide range of scenarios and reduce the likelihood of hallucinations.

• Regularly monitor the AI system's performance and behavior to catch any signs of hallucination early on.

• Consider implementing explainable AI techniques to b...read more

Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that enables machines to interpret and understand the visual world.

• Computer vision involves tasks such as image recognition, object detection, and image segmentation.

• It uses algorithms to process and analyze visual data from the real world.

• Applications of computer vision include facial recognition, autonomous vehicles, and medical imaging.

• Popular computer vision libraries include OpenCV and TensorFlow.

ML algorithms vary in depth and complexity, with different use cases in various industries.

• ML algorithms can range from simple linear regression to complex deep learning models like neural networks.

• Use cases for ML algorithms include image recognition in healthcare, fraud detection in finance, and recommendation systems in e-commerce.

• Depth of ML algorithms refers to the complexity and number of layers in the model, with deeper models typically able to capture more intricate p...read more

You can sort a list in Python using the built-in sort() method or the sorted() function.

• Use the sort() method to sort the list in place.

• Use the sorted() function to return a new sorted list without modifying the original list.

• You can specify the reverse parameter as True to sort in descending order.

• Example: list = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2]; list.sort(); sorted_list = sorted(list)

Generative AI is a type of AI that can create new data, such as images, text, or music, based on patterns it has learned.

• Generative AI uses algorithms to generate new content that is similar to the training data it has been provided.

• Examples of generative AI include deep learning models like GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks) and VAEs (Variational Autoencoders).

• Generative AI can be used in various fields such as art, music, and even in creating realistic deepfake videos.

Retrieval augmented generation is a technique that combines retrieval-based and generation-based approaches in natural language processing.

• Combines the strengths of both retrieval-based and generation-based models

• Retrieval-based model retrieves relevant information from a database or corpus

• Generation-based model generates responses based on the retrieved information

• Used in chatbots, question-answering systems, and dialogue systems

Flow pipelines are structured sequences of data processing steps that automate workflows in AI and data engineering.

• They consist of stages where data is ingested, processed, and outputted.

• Example: A data pipeline might extract data from a database, transform it, and load it into a data warehouse (ETL process).

• Flow pipelines can be used for machine learning model training, where data flows from preprocessing to model evaluation.

• They help in maintaining reproducibility and scal...read more

This code finds all prime numbers up to 100 using a simple algorithm in Python.

• A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself.

• To find prime numbers, iterate through numbers from 2 to 100.

• For each number, check if it is divisible by any number from 2 to its square root.

• If a number is not divisible by any of these, it is prime.

• Example: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83,...read more

Classification is the process of categorizing data into predefined classes, while regression is the process of predicting continuous values.

• Classification involves assigning data points to predefined categories or classes

• Regression involves predicting continuous values based on input variables

• Examples of classification include spam detection and image recognition

• Examples of regression include predicting house prices and stock market trends

Prompt engineering involves designing and crafting prompts to elicit specific responses from AI models.

• Prompt engineering is crucial for fine-tuning AI models to generate desired outputs.

• It involves creating prompts that are clear, concise, and tailored to the task at hand.

• Examples include designing prompts for language models to generate coherent text or for image recognition models to identify objects.

Designing a library management system to efficiently organize and track library resources.

• Utilize a database to store information on books, patrons, and transactions

• Implement a user-friendly interface for librarians to add, edit, and delete records

• Incorporate features such as search functionality, book reservations, and overdue notifications

AI is used in real world scenarios like autonomous vehicles, healthcare diagnosis, fraud detection, and personalized recommendations.

• Autonomous vehicles - AI is used for self-driving cars to navigate and make decisions on the road.

• Healthcare diagnosis - AI helps in analyzing medical images and data to assist doctors in diagnosing diseases.

• Fraud detection - AI algorithms can detect patterns of fraudulent activities in financial transactions.

• Personalized recommendations - AI is...read more

U-Net is a convolutional neural network architecture designed for biomedical image segmentation.

• U-Net consists of a contracting path (encoder) and an expansive path (decoder).

• The encoder captures context through downsampling, using convolutional layers and max pooling.

• The decoder enables precise localization through upsampling and concatenation with corresponding encoder layers.

• Skip connections between encoder and decoder layers help retain spatial information.

• U-Net is widely...read more

Projects are specific tasks or assignments undertaken to achieve a particular goal or outcome.

• Projects involve a defined scope, timeline, and budget.

• They require a team of individuals with specific skills and expertise.

• Examples include developing a new software application, implementing a machine learning model, or conducting a research study.