30+ Product Intern Interview Questions and Answers

Calculate x raised to the power of n, given x and n as input from the user.

• Accept two integers x and n as input from the user

• Compute x^n and display the result

• Handle the case where x=0 and n=0 separately (0^0 = 1)

Sort the array in decreasing order based on the count of set bits in the binary representation of each integer.

• Iterate through the array and calculate the set bit count for each integer using bitwise operations.

• Use a custom comparator function to sort the array based on the set bit count.

• Maintain the original order for integers with the same set bit count.

• Modify the array in-place within the given function.

Validate if a binary tree is a Binary Search Tree (BST) based on given properties.

• Check if left subtree contains only nodes with data less than current node's data

• Check if right subtree contains only nodes with data greater than current node's data

• Recursively check if both left and right subtrees are also BSTs

Find the maximum sum of a subsequence without choosing adjacent elements in the original array.

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the maximum sum of non-adjacent elements.

• At each index, compare the sum of including the current element with excluding the current element.

• Return the maximum sum obtained.

• Example: For input [3, 2, 7, 10], the maximum sum is 13 by selecting 3 and 10.

• Example: For input [3, 2, 5], the maximum sum is 8 by selecting 3 and 5.

The task is to fill a Knapsack with stones of different colors and weights, minimizing unused capacity.

• Given N stones with weights W and colors C, choose M stones (one of each color) to fill Knapsack with total weight not exceeding X

• Minimize unused capacity of Knapsack by choosing stones wisely

• If no way to fill Knapsack, output -1

• Example: N=5, M=3, X=10, W=[1, 3, 3, 5, 5], C=[1, 2, 3, 1, 2] -> Output: 1

Find the node where two linked lists merge, return -1 if no merging occurs.

• Traverse both lists to find their lengths and the difference in lengths

• Move the pointer of the longer list by the difference in lengths

• Traverse both lists simultaneously until they meet at the merging point

The goal is to fill a knapsack with exactly 'M' stones, one of each color, minimizing unused capacity.

• Iterate through stones, keeping track of weights for each color

• Sort stones by weight and color, then select one stone of each color

• Calculate total weight for selected stones and find minimum unused capacity

Given two linked lists that merge at some point, find the data value at the merging node.

• Traverse both lists to find their lengths and the difference in lengths

• Move the pointer of the longer list by the difference in lengths

• Traverse both lists simultaneously until the nodes match to find the merging node

The first question is about checking if a string formed by concatenating all string fields in a linked list is a palindrome or not.

• Traverse the linked list and concatenate all string fields

• Check if the concatenated string is a palindrome by comparing characters from both ends

• Consider edge cases like empty linked list or single node with an empty string field

Use the seesaw 3 times to find the person with different weight among 12 people on an island.

• Divide the 12 people into 3 groups of 4.

• Compare 2 groups on the seesaw, then narrow down the group with the different person.

• Take the 4 people from the identified group and compare 2 of them on the seesaw to find the person with different weight.

Group n people into two knowing groups or state impossibility based on their relationships.

• Use graph theory: represent people as nodes and relationships as edges.

• Check if the graph is bipartite: can be colored with two colors without adjacent nodes sharing the same color.

• Example: If A knows B and C, and B knows A and C, they can't be split into two groups.

• If the graph contains an odd-length cycle, no valid grouping exists.

Encoding is the process of converting data into a specific format. Cryptography is the practice of secure communication. Hashing is the process of converting data into a fixed-size string of bytes.

• Encoding is used to convert data into a specific format for transmission or storage.

• Cryptography involves techniques for secure communication, such as encryption and decryption.

• Hashing is used to convert data into a fixed-size string of bytes, often used for data integrity verificat...read more

MVP is the simplest version of a product that delivers core value to users and validates business assumptions.

• Identify core user needs: Focus on the primary problem your product solves. For example, a fitness app may prioritize tracking workouts.

• Build essential features: Include only the features necessary to deliver value. For instance, a task management tool might start with task creation and deadlines.

• Gather user feedback: Release the MVP to early adopters and collect feed...read more

Product management is the process of overseeing all aspects of a product's life cycle, from ideation to launch and beyond.

• Product management involves identifying customer needs and developing a product that meets those needs

• It includes market research, product design, development, testing, launch, and ongoing support

• Product managers work closely with cross-functional teams, including engineering, design, marketing, and sales

• They are responsible for setting product strategy, p...read more

Key metrics to measure Swiggy's success include customer retention rate, order volume, average order value, and customer satisfaction.

• Customer retention rate: Percentage of customers who continue to use Swiggy over a period of time.

• Order volume: Number of orders processed by Swiggy in a given time frame.

• Average order value: Average amount spent by customers on each order.

• Customer satisfaction: Feedback and ratings provided by customers on their experience with Swiggy.

Questions on binary tree traversal, multiplying big numbers represented as strings, and detecting k-th node from the back of a linked list.

• Binary tree traversal can be done in three ways: in-order, pre-order, and post-order.

• To multiply two big numbers represented as strings, you can use the grade-school algorithm or Karatsuba algorithm.

• To detect the k-th node from the back of a linked list, you can use two pointers approach or find the length of the list first.

A process is an instance of a program, while a thread is a unit of execution within a process.

• A process is an independent entity that runs in its own memory space, while threads share the same memory space within a process.

• Processes have their own resources, such as file handles and memory, while threads share these resources.

• Processes are heavyweight and have higher overhead, while threads are lightweight and have lower overhead.

• Processes provide better isolation and securit...read more

To build amazing products, I would focus on understanding user needs, conducting thorough research, iterating based on feedback, and prioritizing simplicity and usability.

• Understand user needs through research and feedback

• Iterate on designs based on user feedback

• Prioritize simplicity and usability in product features

• Stay updated on industry trends and technologies

I would design an app for tracking personal fitness goals and progress.

• Create a user-friendly interface for inputting and tracking fitness goals

• Include features for tracking exercise routines, nutrition intake, and progress measurements

• Provide personalized recommendations and reminders to help users stay on track

• Incorporate social features to allow users to connect and motivate each other

• Integrate with wearable devices and fitness trackers for seamless data syncing

I would ship a product by determining the best shipping method, packaging it securely, and arranging for delivery.

• Research and select the most cost-effective and reliable shipping carrier

• Package the product securely to prevent damage during transit

• Arrange for delivery and track the shipment to ensure timely arrival

A north star metric is a key performance indicator that aligns the entire team towards a common goal.

• It is a single metric that measures the success of a product or business.

• It helps in focusing efforts and resources on what truly matters.

• Examples include monthly active users, revenue per user, or customer retention rate.

A trie is a tree-like data structure used for efficient searching of words or strings.

• Trie is also known as prefix tree.

• Each node in the trie represents a character in the word.

• The root node represents an empty string.

• The children of a node represent the next character in the word.

• The end of a word is marked by a special character or a boolean flag.

• Trie is commonly used in autocomplete and spell checking applications.

MOS stands for Mean Opinion Score, a metric used to measure the quality of audio or video in telecommunications.

• MOS is typically rated on a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 being the best quality.

• It is used in telecommunications to assess the overall user experience with audio and video calls.

• MOS helps companies identify and address issues with call quality to improve customer satisfaction.

• For example, a call center may use MOS to monitor and improve the quality of customer calls.

C++ memory management involves allocating and deallocating memory for variables, while pointers store memory addresses.

• Pointers are variables that store memory addresses.

• They are used to access and manipulate data stored in memory.

• Example: int* ptr = new int; *ptr = 10; delete ptr;

To find a loop in a LinkedIn list, we can use Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm.

• Floyd's algorithm uses two pointers, one moving at twice the speed of the other.

• If there is a loop, the faster pointer will eventually catch up to the slower one.

• We can then reset one of the pointers to the beginning and move both at the same speed.

• Where they meet is the start of the loop.

The supply chain of a book involves multiple stages from raw materials to distribution.

• Raw materials such as paper and ink are sourced

• Printing and binding process takes place

• Books are packaged and shipped to distribution centers

• Books are distributed to retailers or directly to customers

• Returns and unsold copies may be sent back to publishers

New is used in C++ for object creation, while malloc is a C function for memory allocation without constructor calls.

• new allocates memory and calls constructors for objects, e.g., MyClass* obj = new MyClass();

• malloc allocates raw memory without calling constructors, e.g., MyClass* obj = (MyClass*)malloc(sizeof(MyClass));

• new returns a pointer of the appropriate type, while malloc returns a void pointer that needs casting.

• new automatically handles memory deallocation with delet...read more

To address drop in sign-ups, analyze user behavior, optimize onboarding process, improve marketing strategies, and enhance product features.

• Analyze user behavior to identify pain points in the sign-up process

• Optimize onboarding process to make it more user-friendly and efficient

• Improve marketing strategies to reach target audience effectively

• Enhance product features based on user feedback and market trends

Conflict management involves addressing and resolving disagreements or disputes in a professional manner.

• Listen actively to all parties involved

• Identify the root cause of the conflict

• Communicate openly and honestly

• Seek a win-win solution through compromise

• Involve a mediator if necessary

NBFCs are financial institutions that provide banking services without meeting the legal definition of a bank.

• NBFCs cannot accept demand deposits like banks

• NBFCs do not form part of the payment and settlement system and cannot issue cheques drawn on itself

• NBFCs are not regulated as strictly as banks by the central bank

• Examples of NBFCs include Bajaj Finance, Muthoot Finance, and L&T Finance

Modified unbounded knapsack problem involves maximizing the value of items with unlimited quantities and weight constraints.

• Consider items with values and weights, along with a weight constraint

• Dynamic programming can be used to solve this problem efficiently

• Examples: Given items with values [60, 100, 120] and weights [10, 20, 30], and a weight constraint of 50, maximize the value

Merge sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm that sorts an array by recursively splitting and merging sorted subarrays.

• 1. Divide the array into two halves until each subarray contains a single element. Example: [38, 27, 43, 3, 9, 82, 10] becomes [38, 27, 43] and [3, 9, 82, 10].

• 2. Recursively sort each half. Example: [38, 27, 43] becomes [27, 38, 43].

• 3. Merge the sorted halves back together. Example: [27, 38, 43] and [3, 9, 82, 10] merge to form [3, 9, 10, 27, 38, 43, 82].

• 4. T...read more