200+ Sdet Automation Test Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

To wait in Selenium, we can use explicit and implicit waits. To find all links in a page using XPath, we can use the findElements() method.

• To wait in Selenium, we can use explicit wait with ExpectedConditions or implicit wait with the setScriptTimeout() method.

• Explicit wait waits for a certain condition to occur before proceeding with the next steps.

• Implicit wait sets a maximum time for the driver to wait for an element to appear.

• To find all links in a page using XPath, we ca...read more

Page Object Model (POM) is a design pattern used in test automation to create an object repository for web UI elements.

• POM helps in creating reusable and maintainable code by separating the test logic from the page-specific details.

• Each web page is represented as a separate class, and the UI elements and their actions are defined as methods within that class.

• POM improves code readability, reduces code duplication, and enhances test maintenance.

• TestNG annotations are used in T...read more

To handle alerts in Selenium, we use the Alert interface and its methods.

• To switch to an alert, we use the switchTo() method of WebDriver class.

• To accept or dismiss an alert, we use the accept() or dismiss() method of Alert interface.

• To get the text of an alert, we use the getText() method of Alert interface.

• To send text to an alert, we use the sendKeys() method of Alert interface.

To take a screenshot in automation testing, use the built-in methods provided by the testing framework.

• In Selenium, use the getScreenshotAs() method to capture a screenshot.

• In Appium, use the getScreenshotAs() method to capture a screenshot.

• In TestNG, use the ITestResult interface to capture a screenshot on test failure.

• In Cucumber, use the After hook to capture a screenshot after each scenario.

Using multiple catch blocks allows handling different types of exceptions separately, while finally block ensures cleanup code is executed regardless of exception.

• Multiple catch blocks can handle different types of exceptions separately

• Finally block ensures cleanup code is executed regardless of exception

• Example: try { // code that may throw exceptions } catch (ExceptionType1 e) { // handle ExceptionType1 } catch (ExceptionType2 e) { // handle ExceptionType2 } finally { // cl...read more

To run automated test cases in Jenkins, configure DB testing, and perform localization testing

• To run automated test cases in Jenkins, create a Jenkins job and configure it to trigger the automation test suite

• For DB testing automation, use tools like Selenium WebDriver to interact with the database and verify data integrity

• For localization testing, use tools like Selenium WebDriver to test the application with different languages and locales

• Configure Jenkins to run the automat...read more

Find maximum sum of substring and merge two arrays without extra space.

• Use Kadane's algorithm to find maximum sum of substring in an array.

• To merge two arrays without extra space, use two pointers approach.

• Example: Input arrays [1, 2, -3, 4, 5] and [6, 7, 8], output merged array [1, 2, -3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].

Docker is a containerization platform, API status codes indicate the success or failure of a request, deployment processes involve releasing software updates, and Jenkins is a continuous integration tool.

• Docker is a platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in containers.

• API status codes are used to indicate the success or failure of a request, such as 200 for success and 404 for not found.

• Deployment processes involve releasing software updates to production...read more

Use regular expressions to remove special characters from a string.

• Create a regular expression pattern to match special characters

• Use the replace() method with the regular expression pattern to remove special characters

• Example: str.replace(/[!@#$%^&*()_+]/g, '') will remove !@#$%^&*()_+ from the string

STLC consists of phases like requirement analysis, test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure.

• Requirement Analysis: Understanding the project requirements and defining the scope of testing.

• Test Planning: Creating a test plan which includes test strategy, test objectives, and resource planning.

• Test Design: Developing test cases and test scenarios based on requirements.

• Test Execution: Running the test cases, reporting defects, and retesting.

• Test Closure: Analy...read more

Example of a login scenario in Cucumber with parameters for username and password

• Create a feature file with the login scenario

• Define the scenario outline with placeholders for username and password

• Implement step definitions to pass the parameters in the login steps

Yes, I can write a program that outputs a sentence in reverse.

• Create a function that takes a string as input

• Split the string into an array of words

• Reverse the array

• Join the array back into a string and return

To verify if a record is deleted from a page with 10 records, we can check if the record is no longer displayed.

• Locate the record on the page

• Verify that the record is no longer visible

• Confirm that the total number of records displayed is now 9

Dynamic elements in Selenium are handled using techniques like explicit waits, fluent waits, and dynamic locators.

• Use explicit waits to wait for a specific condition to be met before interacting with the element

• Use fluent waits to wait for an element to be present and visible before interacting with it

• Use dynamic locators like XPath with functions to locate elements that change dynamically

Answering questions on framework, string reversal, checkbox selection without third variable and swipe no.

• Working on a hybrid framework with Selenium and Appium for web and mobile automation

• String reversal can be done using built-in functions or by iterating through the string

• Checkbox selection can be checked using isSelected() method in Selenium

• Swipe no. can be achieved using TouchActions class in Appium

• All of these can be implemented without using a third variable

Binary Search Trees (BST) enable efficient data storage and retrieval through a hierarchical structure, optimizing search operations.

• A BST is a binary tree where each node has at most two children.

• For any given node, all values in the left subtree are less, and all values in the right subtree are greater.

• Searching for a value in a BST has an average time complexity of O(log n).

• Insertion and deletion operations also maintain the BST properties, ensuring efficient updates.

• Examp...read more

Remove letter e from a sentence

• Iterate through each character in the sentence

• If the character is not 'e', add it to a new string

• Return the new string without 'e'

To find duplicate characters in a string, we can use various methods like hashing or counting occurrences using data structures.

• Using a Hash Map: Iterate through the string, storing each character's count in a hash map. Example: 'hello' -> {'h': 1, 'e': 1, 'l': 2, 'o': 1}.

• Using a Set: Track seen characters in a set. If a character is already in the set, it's a duplicate. Example: 'banana' -> duplicates are 'a' and 'n'.

• Sorting the String: Sort the string and check adjacent cha...read more

Emulator replicates both hardware and software of the original device, while simulator only replicates the software.

• Emulator replicates both hardware and software of the original device

• Simulator only replicates the software

• Emulator is slower but more accurate, simulator is faster but less accurate

• Examples: Android Emulator for testing mobile apps, Flight Simulator for pilot training

String Buffer is synchronized and thread-safe, while String Builder is not synchronized and faster.

• String Buffer is synchronized, making it thread-safe for use in multi-threaded environments.

• String Builder is not synchronized, making it faster but not thread-safe.

• String Buffer is slower than String Builder due to synchronization overhead.

• Use String Buffer when thread safety is needed, and String Builder for better performance.

Agile methodologies are integrated into day to day operations for efficient software development.

• Agile methodologies promote collaboration and flexibility in development

• Daily stand-up meetings keep the team updated on progress and any roadblocks

• Sprints allow for focused development and frequent feedback

• Continuous integration and testing ensure quality and catch issues early

• Retrospectives provide opportunities for reflection and improvement

To update a name in a database, you can use SQL UPDATE statement with the appropriate WHERE clause.

• Use SQL UPDATE statement with SET clause to specify the new name

• Add a WHERE clause to specify the record to be updated based on a unique identifier

• Ensure proper permissions to update the database

• Example: UPDATE table_name SET name = 'new_name' WHERE id = 123

Remove special characters and replace with space, then reverse each word in a string.

• Use regex to remove special characters and replace with space

• Split the string into words and reverse each word individually

• Join the reversed words back together to form the final string

Using System.exit(0) in a try-catch block terminates the JVM, preventing further code execution.

• System.exit(0) is used to terminate the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) normally.

• Any code after System.exit(0) in the try block will not execute.

• Example: try { System.exit(0); System.out.println('This will not print'); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }

• In a catch block, if System.exit(0) is called, it will also terminate the program immediately.

Method overloading is when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters, while method overriding is when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its superclass.

• Method overloading involves creating multiple methods in the same class with the same name but different parameters.

• Method overriding occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its superclass.

• Method over...read more

Unit testing is a software testing method where individual units or components of a software are tested in isolation.

• Unit testing is typically done by developers to ensure that each unit of code functions correctly on its own.

• It helps in identifying bugs early in the development process.

• Unit tests are automated and focus on testing small, specific parts of the code.

• Examples of unit testing frameworks include JUnit for Java, NUnit for .NET, and pytest for Python.

An interface in Java is a reference type, similar to a class, that can contain only constants, method signatures, default methods, static methods, and nested types.

• Interfaces in Java are used to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance.

• Interfaces cannot have method bodies, only method signatures.

• Classes can implement multiple interfaces, but can only extend one class.

• Example: interface Shape { void draw(); }

• Example: class Circle implements Shape { public void draw() { Sys...read more

A framework is a structured platform for developing and executing automated tests, enhancing efficiency and maintainability.

• Modularity: Allows separation of test scripts into reusable components (e.g., Page Object Model).

• Test Management: Provides tools for organizing and managing test cases (e.g., TestNG, JUnit).

• Reporting: Generates detailed reports on test execution results (e.g., Allure, ExtentReports).

• Configuration: Supports external configuration files for easy environmen...read more

Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.

• Abstract class can have constructor, fields, and methods, while interface cannot have any implementation.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Abstract class is used to provide a common base for multiple derived classes, while interface is used to define a contract for classes to implement.

• Example: Abstract class 'Shap...read more

I have applied OOPS concepts in my automation framework by creating reusable classes for different functionalities.

• Used inheritance to create a base class with common methods for all test cases

• Implemented polymorphism by overriding methods in child classes for specific test cases

• Utilized encapsulation to hide the internal details of classes and expose only necessary methods and properties

OOP is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and methods.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data within one unit (e.g., a class).

• Inheritance: Mechanism to create a new class using properties and methods of an existing class (e.g., a 'Dog' class inheriting from an 'Animal' class).

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different underlying data types (e.g., a function that can take different typ...read more

Write a test script for a given scenario in any suitable framework

• Identify the scenario to be tested

• Create test data if needed

• Write test steps using the chosen framework

• Execute the test script and analyze results

Using Try Catch block in a framework for handling exceptions

• Use Try block to enclose the code that might throw an exception

• Use Catch block to handle the exception if it occurs

• Use Finally block to execute code regardless of whether an exception was thrown or not

Validate if purchase amount equals the product of copies and prices in a JSON structure.

• Check if the JSON has keys: 'purchaseAmount', 'copies', and 'price'.

• Example JSON: { 'purchaseAmount': 100, 'copies': 5, 'price': 20 }.

• Calculate expected amount: copies * price = 5 * 20 = 100.

• Compare calculated amount with purchaseAmount to validate.

• Return true if they match, else return false.

Java program to reverse a string using StringBuilder

• Create a StringBuilder object with the input string

• Use the reverse() method of StringBuilder to reverse the string

• Convert the StringBuilder object back to a string using toString() method

Stale element exception occurs when an element is no longer attached to the DOM. It can be overcome by re-locating the element.

• Stale element exception is a common issue in automation testing, especially in Selenium WebDriver.

• It occurs when an element that was located on a web page becomes stale, meaning it is no longer attached to the DOM.

• This can happen when the page is refreshed, updated, or changed in some way.

• To overcome stale element exception, you can re-locate the elem...read more

XPath code for selected value in Amazon site

• Use the 'contains' function to locate the selected value

• Identify the unique attributes of the selected value to create a specific XPath

• Consider using the 'text()' function to locate text within an element

Implicit and Explicit wait are used in Selenium for handling synchronization issues in test automation.

• Implicit wait is set globally for the entire test script, while explicit wait is applied only to specific elements.

• Implicit wait waits for a specified amount of time before throwing a NoSuchElementException, while explicit wait waits for a specific condition to be met before proceeding.

• Syntax for implicit wait: driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);...read more

APIs can be categorized into different types such as REST, SOAP, GraphQL, and RPC.

• RESTful APIs: Representational State Transfer APIs use standard HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE for communication.

• SOAP APIs: Simple Object Access Protocol APIs use XML for message exchange over a network.

• GraphQL APIs: Query language for APIs that allows clients to request only the data they need.

• RPC APIs: Remote Procedure Call APIs allow a program to execute code on a remote server.

Traversal of graphs involves visiting each vertex and edge in a graph in a systematic way.

• Traversal can be done using algorithms like Depth First Search (DFS) or Breadth First Search (BFS).

• DFS explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking, while BFS explores neighbors before moving on.

• Traversal can be used to find paths, cycles, connected components, or perform other graph operations.

• Example: Traversing a social network graph to find friends of friends.

• Exa...read more

This task involves finding the second most frequently occurring letter in a given string, considering case sensitivity.

• Count Occurrences: Use a dictionary to count how many times each letter appears in the string. For example, in 'hello', 'l' appears twice.

• Sort by Frequency: Once you have the counts, sort the letters based on their frequency in descending order.

• Identify Second Highest: After sorting, the second item in the sorted list will be the second highest occurring lett...read more

Yes, I am involved in test plans.

• I collaborate with the team to create and review test plans.

• I ensure that the test plans cover all the necessary scenarios.

• I update the test plans as needed based on changes in requirements or functionality.

• I use the test plans to guide my testing efforts and report any issues found.

Java constructor is a special type of method used to initialize objects. Swapping two numbers can be done using a temporary variable.

• Java constructor is used to initialize objects in a class.

• Swapping two numbers can be done by using a temporary variable.

• Example code for swapping two numbers using constructor:

• public class NumberSwapper {

• int num1;

• int num2;

• public NumberSwapper(int a, int b) {

• num1 = a;

• num2 = b;

• }

• public void swapNumbers() {

• int temp = num1;

• num1 = num2;

• num2...read more

Program to find duplicate elements in an array of strings

• Create a HashSet to store unique elements

• Iterate through the array and check if element is already in the HashSet

• If element is already in the HashSet, it is a duplicate

Validating API through Postman involves sending requests, receiving responses, and verifying data.

• Create a new request in Postman and enter the API endpoint

• Add any required headers, parameters, or body data

• Send the request and check the response status code

• Verify the response body for expected data or values

• Use assertions in Postman to validate response data

• Save the request in a collection for future testing

Different types of testing include functional testing, non-functional testing, manual testing, automated testing, regression testing, and performance testing.

• Functional testing: Testing the functionality of the software against the requirements.

• Non-functional testing: Testing aspects like performance, usability, and security.

• Manual testing: Testing performed manually by testers.

• Automated testing: Testing performed using automation tools.

• Regression testing: Testing to ensure t...read more

Design patterns are reusable solutions to common software design problems, categorized into creational, structural, and behavioral patterns.

• Creational Patterns: Deal with object creation mechanisms. Example: Singleton, Factory Method.

• Structural Patterns: Focus on how classes and objects are composed. Example: Adapter, Composite.

• Behavioral Patterns: Concerned with communication between objects. Example: Observer, Strategy.