10+ Structural Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Bending moment and shear force diagrams show internal forces in a structure.

• Bending moment diagram shows variation of bending moment along the length of the structure.

• Shear force diagram shows variation of shear force along the length of the structure.

• Indeterminate structures require solving equations of equilibrium to determine internal forces.

• Internal forces can be used to design structural members and ensure safety.

• Location of maximum bending moment and shear force can be ...read more

Tension and compression are important considerations in frame structures and retaining walls for different loading scenarios.

• Tension occurs when a force pulls on a material, while compression occurs when a force pushes on a material.

• In frame structures, tension and compression forces are distributed throughout the structure to maintain stability.

• Retaining walls must be designed to withstand both tension and compression forces from soil pressure and external loads.

• Different lo...read more

The Mass participation ratio for the first three modes is considered for structural analysis using ETABS to ensure accurate representation of the structure's dynamic behavior.

• The Mass participation ratio helps in understanding how much each mode contributes to the overall dynamic response of the structure.

• It is important to consider the first three modes as they typically represent the most significant modes of vibration for a structure.

• By analyzing the Mass participation rat...read more

Tension and compression members in truss vary based on support conditions.

• In a truss with pinned supports, tension members are at the top and compression members are at the bottom.

• In a truss with fixed supports, tension and compression members are reversed.

• In a cantilever truss, the tension and compression members are on opposite sides of the support.

• The type of support greatly affects the forces in the truss members.

Calculate brickwork quantity by measuring the dimensions of the room/floor and accounting for wastage.

• Measure the length, width, and height of the room/floor in meters.

• Calculate the surface area to be covered by multiplying the length by the height for each wall and adding them together.

• Account for openings such as doors and windows by subtracting their surface area from the total.

• Determine the number of bricks needed by dividing the total surface area by the area of one bric...read more

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• Without context, it is impossible to determine what the machine is supposed to find out.

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Shear force and bending moment diagrams are essential tools for analyzing structural elements under load.

• Shear Force Diagram (SFD): Represents the variation of shear force along the length of a beam, helping identify points of maximum shear.

• Bending Moment Diagram (BMD): Shows the bending moment at various sections of a beam, crucial for determining where the beam may fail.

• Sign Convention: Positive shear forces cause clockwise rotation, while negative moments indicate counterc...read more

Types of LOD (Level of Development) include LOD 100, LOD 200, LOD 300, LOD 400, and LOD 500.

• LOD 100: Conceptual design with basic geometric shapes.

• LOD 200: Design development with more detailed elements and approximate quantities.

• LOD 300: Fully coordinated model with accurate quantities and sizes.

• LOD 400: Fabrication and assembly details included.

• LOD 500: As-built model with exact details for maintenance and operations.

AutoCAD is a leading software for 2D and 3D design, widely used in engineering and architecture for drafting and modeling.

• 2D Drafting: AutoCAD provides tools for creating precise 2D drawings, such as floor plans and schematics, essential for structural design.

• 3D Modeling: Users can create detailed 3D models of structures, allowing for better visualization and analysis of design concepts.

• Layer Management: AutoCAD allows the use of layers to organize different elements of a dra...read more