What are the different types of Options and can you explain them?

Question

Accepted Answer

Opps concept refers to Object-Oriented Programming Principles.

Encapsulation: Hiding the implementation details of an object from the outside world.
Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting their properties and methods.
Polymorphism: The ability of objects to take on many forms, allowing them to be used in different ways.
Abstraction: Focusing on the essential features of an object, ignoring the irrelevant details.

Accepted Answer

Class: A class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines the attributes (data members) and methods (functions) that the objects of the class will have.
Object: An object is an instance of a class. It represents a real-world entity and encapsulates data (attributes) and behavior (methods) related to that entity.
Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the concept of bundling the data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit called a class. It restricts access to certain parts of an object and hides the internal implementation details.
Inheritance: Inheritance allows a class (subclass or derived class) to inherit the properties and behaviors of another class (base class or superclass). This promotes code reusability and the creation of hierarchical relationships between classes.
Polymorphism: Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common base class. It enables dynamic method binding and the ability to write code that works with objects of various derived classes without knowing their specific types.
Abstraction: Abstraction involves simplifying complex systems by breaking them into smaller, more manageable parts. In OOP, classes and objects are used to abstract real-world entities into software components.
Method Overloading: Method overloading allows a class to have multiple methods with the same name but different parameter lists. The appropriate method to call is determined at compile-time or runtime based on the arguments passed.
Method Overriding: Method overriding occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation for a method that is already defined in its superclass. It allows a subclass to replace or extend the behavior of a superclass method.
Interface: An interface is a contract that specifies a set of methods that a class must implement. It defines the methods but not their implementation. A class can implement multiple interfaces, enabling multiple inheritance-like behavior in some languages.
Constructor and Destructor: Constructors are special methods used to initialize objects when they are created, while destructors (in languages like C++) are used to clean up resources when an object is destroyed.