2. What are the rules and violations of American football and volleyball games?

Question

Accepted Answer

Rules and violations in American football and volleyball games

American football: Rules include 4 downs to advance 10 yards, scoring by crossing the goal line, and penalties for infractions like holding or pass interference.
Volleyball: Rules include 6 players per team, rotating positions after a point is scored, and violations like touching the net or stepping on the center line.
Examples: In football, a violation would be a false start penalty. In volleyball, a violation would be a player serving out of turn.

Accepted Answer

American Football
Rules
Gameplay Structure:

A game consists of four 15-minute quarters.
Each team has 11 players on the field.
The game begins with a kickoff, and teams attempt to move the ball down the field to score points.
A team has four downs (attempts) to advance the ball 10 yards. If successful, they receive a new set of downs.
Scoring: Touchdown (6 points), Field Goal (3 points), Extra Point (1 or 2 points), Safety (2 points).
Offensive Play:

The offense can run or pass the ball to advance.
The quarterback typically directs the play, either handing off the ball, passing it, or running with it.
Defensive Play:

The defense aims to stop the offense from advancing and can tackle the ball carrier to end a play.
They can intercept passes or recover fumbles to gain possession of the ball.
Special Teams:

Special teams units handle kickoffs, punts, field goals, and extra points.
Violations
False Start: Offensive player moves illegally before the snap.
Offside: Defensive player crosses the line of scrimmage before the snap.
Holding: Illegally grabbing an opponent to impede their movement.
Pass Interference: Illegally contacting a receiver to prevent them from catching a pass.
Personal Foul: Any action that is deemed dangerous or unsportsmanlike, such as hitting a player out of bounds.
Delay of Game: Failure to snap the ball before the play clock expires.
Illegal Formation: Not having enough players on the line of scrimmage.
Volleyball
Rules
Gameplay Structure:

A match is played best 3 out of 5 sets. Sets are played to 25 points (win by 2), and the fifth set, if necessary, is played to 15 points (win by 2).
Each team has six players on the court.
The game starts with a serve, and teams rally to win points by grounding the ball on the opponent's court or causing an opponent error.
Teams rotate positions clockwise after winning a serve from the opponent.
Serving:

A player serves the ball from behind the end line, and it must cross the net and land within the opponent's court.
If the serving team wins the rally, they score a point and continue to serve.
Play and Scoring:

Teams can touch the ball up to three times (not counting blocks) before sending it over the net.
Players may not touch the net or step over the centerline during play.
The ball can be played off any part of the body.
Rotation and Substitution:

Players must maintain their rotational order but can switch positions after the serve is made.
Substitutions can be made during stoppages in play.
Violations
Foot Fault: Stepping on or over the end line during a serve.
Double Hit: A player hits the ball twice in succession.
Lift/Carry: The ball is caught or thrown rather than hit cleanly.
Net Violation: Touching the net during play.
Over-the-Net: Reaching over the net to interfere with the opponent's play.
Back-Row Attack: A back-row player attacks the ball above the net's height when in front of the attack line.
Four Hits: A team hits the ball more than three times before returning it over the net.

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2. What are the rules and violations of American football and volleyball games?

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