Describe the structure of a Test Bench and how to apply primary characteristics to each test bench module.

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Accepted Answer

A test bench in VLSI simulates the design under test, verifying functionality and performance through various modules and characteristics.

1. **Modules**: A test bench typically consists of stimulus generation, response checking, and clock generation modules.
2. **Stimulus Generation**: This module applies input signals to the design. Example: Using a waveform generator to create clock and data signals.
3. **Response Checking**: This module verifies the output against expected results. Example: Using assertions to check if the output matches the expected value.
4. **Clock Generation**: A dedicated module to create clock signals for synchronous designs. Example: A simple toggle mechanism to generate a clock signal.
5. **Reset Logic**: Ensures the design starts in a known state. Example: A reset signal that initializes registers in the DUT.

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