What are the principles of OOP?

Question

Accepted Answer

OOP principles include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction, promoting modular and reusable code.

Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data within one unit (class). Example: A 'Car' class with properties like 'speed' and methods like 'accelerate()'.
Inheritance: Mechanism to create a new class based on an existing class, inheriting its attributes and methods. Example: 'ElectricCar' class inheriting from 'Car'.
Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types. Example: A method 'draw()' that behaves differently for 'Circle' and 'Square' classes.
Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details and showing only the essential features of an object. Example: A 'Payment' interface that defines methods like 'processPayment()' without revealing the underlying logic.

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