How to handle data skewness in spark. What are the different performance optimization techniques in hive

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Handling data skewness in Spark and performance optimization techniques in Hive

For data skewness in Spark, use techniques like partitioning, bucketing, and salting
In Hive, use techniques like partitioning, bucketing, and indexing for performance optimization
Other techniques include using appropriate data types, optimizing queries, and using compression
Example: In Spark, partitioning can be done based on a column with high cardinality to evenly distribute data
Example: In Hive, bucketing can be used to group data based on a column to improve query performance