What is meant by normalization and denormalization?

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Accepted Answer

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. Denormalization is the opposite process.

Normalization involves breaking down data into smaller, more manageable tables to reduce redundancy and dependency.
Denormalization involves combining tables to improve query performance by reducing the number of joins needed.
Normalization helps maintain data integrity by reducing the risk of anomalies such as update, insert, and delete anomalies.
Denormalization can improve read performance by reducing the need for complex joins and aggregations.
Examples of normalization include breaking down a customer table into separate tables for customer details, orders, and payments.
Examples of denormalization include combining customer and order tables to create a single table with all relevant information for faster queries.

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