Describe MS Excel lookup formulas.

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Excel look-up functions help retrieve data from a table based on a specific criterion.

VLOOKUP: Searches for a value in the first column of a table and returns a value in the same row from a specified column. Example: =VLOOKUP(A2, B2:D10, 3, FALSE)
HLOOKUP: Similar to VLOOKUP but searches for a value in the first row and returns a value from a specified row. Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, A1:E5, 3, FALSE)
INDEX-MATCH: A more flexible alternative to VLOOKUP. INDEX returns a value from a specified position, while MATCH finds the position. Example: =INDEX(B2:B10, MATCH(A2, A1:A10, 0))
XLOOKUP: A newer function that replaces VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP, allowing for more versatile lookups. Example: =XLOOKUP(A2, B2:B10, C2:C10)

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