Write a program to calculate the factorial of a number.

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A factorial is the product of all positive integers up to a given number, commonly denoted as n!.

Definition: The factorial of a non-negative integer n is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n. Example: 5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120.
Base Case: The factorial of 0 is defined as 1 (0! = 1). This serves as the base case for recursive implementations.
Recursive Implementation: Factorials can be calculated using recursion, where n! = n × (n-1)!. Example: To compute 4!, it calls 4 × factorial(3).
Iterative Implementation: Factorials can also be computed using loops. Example: Using a for loop to multiply numbers from 1 to n.
Applications: Factorials are used in permutations, combinations, and various mathematical computations.

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