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Optimizing SQL queries involves analyzing query performance, indexing, minimizing data retrieval, and using appropriate joins.
Analyze query performance using tools like EXPLAIN to identify bottlenecks
Use indexes on columns frequently used in WHERE clauses
Minimize data retrieval by selecting only necessary columns
Avoid using SELECT * and instead specify required columns
Use appropriate joins like INNER JOIN, LEFT JO...
array_map in PHP is used to apply a callback function to each element of an array.
array_map() returns an array containing all the elements of the input array after applying the callback function to each one.
It is useful for applying a function to all elements of an array without using a loop.
Example: array_map('strtoupper', ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']) will return ['APPLE', 'BANANA', 'CHERRY'].
MVC is a software design pattern that separates an application into three main components: Model, View, and Controller.
Model represents the data and business logic of the application.
View is responsible for displaying the data to the user.
Controller acts as an intermediary between Model and View, handling user input and updating the Model accordingly.
MVC helps in organizing code, improving maintainability, and pro...
A callback function in PHP is a function that is passed as an argument to another function and is executed at a later time.
Callback functions are commonly used in PHP for event handling, asynchronous processing, and custom sorting.
Example: array_map() function in PHP takes a callback function as an argument to apply a user-defined function to each element of an array.
Another example: usort() function in PHP uses a...
InnoDB is a transaction-safe storage engine for MySQL, while MyISAM is not transaction-safe.
InnoDB supports transactions with ACID properties, while MyISAM does not.
InnoDB supports foreign keys, while MyISAM does not.
InnoDB is more reliable and crash-safe compared to MyISAM.
InnoDB is the default storage engine for MySQL 5.5 and higher versions.
MyISAM is faster for read-heavy operations, while InnoDB is better for ...
A static method is a method that belongs to the class itself, rather than to instances of the class.
Static methods can be called directly on the class without needing to create an instance of the class.
Static methods are commonly used for utility functions that do not require access to instance-specific data.
Static methods are declared using the 'static' keyword in PHP.
PHPUnit workflow involves writing test cases, running tests, and analyzing results.
Write test cases using PHPUnit framework
Run tests using PHPUnit command line interface or IDE integration
Analyze test results to identify failures and errors
Make necessary code changes to fix failing tests
Repeat the process until all tests pass successfully
MVC is a software design pattern that separates an application into three main components: Model, View, and Controller.
Model represents the data and business logic of the application.
View is responsible for displaying the data to the user.
Controller acts as an intermediary between Model and View, handling user input and updating the Model accordingly.
MVC helps in organizing code, improving maintainability, and promotin...
InnoDB is a transaction-safe storage engine for MySQL, while MyISAM is not transaction-safe.
InnoDB supports transactions with ACID properties, while MyISAM does not.
InnoDB supports foreign keys, while MyISAM does not.
InnoDB is more reliable and crash-safe compared to MyISAM.
InnoDB is the default storage engine for MySQL 5.5 and higher versions.
MyISAM is faster for read-heavy operations, while InnoDB is better for write...
Interface defines only method signatures while abstract class can have both method signatures and implementations.
Interface cannot have method implementations, only method signatures.
Abstract class can have both method signatures and implementations.
A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.
Interfaces are used to define a contract for classes to implement, while abstract cla...
A static method is a method that belongs to the class itself, rather than to instances of the class.
Static methods can be called directly on the class without needing to create an instance of the class.
Static methods are commonly used for utility functions that do not require access to instance-specific data.
Static methods are declared using the 'static' keyword in PHP.
Optimizing SQL queries involves analyzing query performance, indexing, minimizing data retrieval, and using appropriate joins.
Analyze query performance using tools like EXPLAIN to identify bottlenecks
Use indexes on columns frequently used in WHERE clauses
Minimize data retrieval by selecting only necessary columns
Avoid using SELECT * and instead specify required columns
Use appropriate joins like INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, e...
array_map in PHP is used to apply a callback function to each element of an array.
array_map() returns an array containing all the elements of the input array after applying the callback function to each one.
It is useful for applying a function to all elements of an array without using a loop.
Example: array_map('strtoupper', ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']) will return ['APPLE', 'BANANA', 'CHERRY'].
A callback function in PHP is a function that is passed as an argument to another function and is executed at a later time.
Callback functions are commonly used in PHP for event handling, asynchronous processing, and custom sorting.
Example: array_map() function in PHP takes a callback function as an argument to apply a user-defined function to each element of an array.
Another example: usort() function in PHP uses a call...
PHPUnit workflow involves writing test cases, running tests, and analyzing results.
Write test cases using PHPUnit framework
Run tests using PHPUnit command line interface or IDE integration
Analyze test results to identify failures and errors
Make necessary code changes to fix failing tests
Repeat the process until all tests pass successfully
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I applied via Referral and was interviewed before Jan 2021. There were 3 interview rounds.
OOPs concepts are used in real life to model objects and their behavior.
Encapsulation: A car's engine is encapsulated and can only be accessed through specific methods.
Inheritance: A sports car is a type of car that inherits properties and methods from the car class.
Polymorphism: A person can be a student, teacher, or employee, each with their own unique behavior.
Abstraction: A TV remote has buttons that abstract the c...
Hashmap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses hashing to locate values based on their keys.
Hashmap uses an array of linked lists to store key-value pairs.
The hash function is used to convert the key into an index of the array.
If two keys have the same hash value, they are stored in the same linked list.
Hashmap provides constant time complexity for insertion, deletion, and retrieval of values.
Java's H...
I applied via Referral and was interviewed in May 2021. There were 3 interview rounds.
API is a set of protocols and tools for building software applications. Frameworks are pre-built libraries of code for easier development in Python.
API stands for Application Programming Interface
APIs allow different software applications to communicate with each other
Python has many popular APIs such as Flask, Django, and FastAPI
Frameworks are pre-built libraries of code that provide a structure for developing applica...
Docker is a containerization platform that allows developers to package and deploy applications in a portable manner. Kubernetes is an orchestration tool that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.
Docker allows developers to create lightweight, portable containers that can run on any machine with Docker installed.
Kubernetes provides a way to manage and orchestrate these contain...
I appeared for an interview in Mar 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
I appeared for an interview in Nov 2024.
Questions about java concurrency framework, java 8 and 11 features, Code chef coding problem
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Jun 2024. There were 3 interview rounds.
Prepare DSA, Programing and DB
I applied via LinkedIn and was interviewed before Jan 2024. There were 6 interview rounds.
I applied via Company Website and was interviewed before Mar 2022. There were 3 interview rounds.
My expertise lies in Java and related technologies.
Proficient in Java programming language and its frameworks like Spring and Hibernate
Experience in developing web applications using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and AngularJS
Familiarity with database technologies like MySQL and Oracle
Knowledge of software development methodologies like Agile and Scrum
Experience in leading and mentoring a team of developers
A linked list is a data structure consisting of nodes where each node points to the next node in the sequence.
Nodes contain data and a reference to the next node
Can be singly linked (each node points to the next) or doubly linked (each node points to the next and previous)
Example: Node 1 -> Node 2 -> Node 3
To find the middle node of a linked list, use the slow and fast pointer technique.
Initialize two pointers, slow and fast, both pointing to the head of the linked list.
Move the slow pointer by one step and the fast pointer by two steps until the fast pointer reaches the end of the list.
The node pointed to by the slow pointer at this point will be the middle node.
Addressing conflict between manager and developer requires open communication, understanding both perspectives, and finding a mutually beneficial solution.
Encourage open communication between the manager and developer to understand each other's perspectives and concerns.
Facilitate a meeting to discuss the conflict and find common ground or compromises.
Seek to understand the underlying reasons for the conflict and addre...
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