ICE Data Services Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Few basics of java
Dsa question

Q1. Java multithreading questions
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Q2. Spring boot questions.
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Q1. Frequency of character in string
Ans. 
The question is asking about how to find the frequency of each character in a given string.
• Iterate through the string and count the occurrences of each character

• Store the counts in a data structure like a hashmap or array

• Return the counts for each character
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Q1. Reverse a string
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Reverse a given string
• Create a new empty string to store the reversed string

• Iterate through the original string from end to start and append each character to the new string

• Return the reversed string
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Q1. Longest Increasing Subsequence
Ans. 
Find the length of the longest increasing subsequence in an array.
• Use dynamic programming to solve this problem efficiently.

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the longest increasing subsequence ending at each index.

• Example: For array [10, 22, 9, 33, 21, 50, 41, 60, 80], the longest increasing subsequence is [10, 22, 33, 50, 60, 80] with length 6.
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Q1. UseEffect polyfill
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A polyfill for useEffect mimics React's useEffect behavior in non-React environments.
• useEffect is a React Hook that allows you to perform side effects in function components.

• A polyfill can be created using JavaScript closures to mimic the behavior of useEffect.

• Example: A simple polyfill could store effects in an array and execute them after rendering.

• You can use setTimeout to simulate the component lifecycle for cleanu...read more
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Q1. What is difference between @primary and @Qualifier?
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Primary is used to define a primary bean when multiple beans of the same type are present, while Qualifier is used to specify which bean to autowire when multiple beans of the same type are present.
• Primary annotation is used to give a higher preference to a bean when multiple beans of the same type are present in the Spring application context.

• Qualifier annotation is used to specify which bean to autowire when multiple...read more
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Q2. How we can handle fault tolerance in Microservices?
Ans. 
Fault tolerance in Microservices can be achieved through redundancy, graceful degradation, and circuit breakers.
• Implementing redundancy by having multiple instances of each microservice running to handle failures.

• Using graceful degradation to ensure that the system can still function even if certain microservices are unavailable.

• Utilizing circuit breakers to prevent cascading failures by temporarily stopping requests t...read more
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Q3. How to implement spring security?
Ans. 
Implementing Spring Security involves configuring security settings in the Spring application.
• Add Spring Security dependency in pom.xml

• Configure security settings in SecurityConfig class

• Define user roles and permissions

• Use annotations like @EnableWebSecurity and @Secured
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Q4. Explain OAuth 2 implementation?
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OAuth 2 is an authorization framework that allows a third-party application to obtain limited access to an HTTP service.
• OAuth 2 is used for delegated access, allowing a user to grant a third-party application access to their resources without sharing their credentials.

• It involves the use of access tokens, which are issued by the authorization server after the user authenticates and authorizes the application.

• OAuth 2 su...read more
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Q1. Memory management in Java ?
Ans. 
Java uses automatic memory management through garbage collection to allocate and deallocate memory.
• Java uses garbage collection to automatically manage memory by deallocating objects that are no longer needed.

• The JVM has a heap where objects are allocated and garbage collection is performed to reclaim memory.

• Java provides the 'finalize()' method for objects to perform cleanup before they are garbage collected.

• Memory le...read more
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Q2. Different types of gc?
Ans. 
Different types of garbage collection algorithms in software development.
• Mark and Sweep: Identifies and removes unreachable objects.

• Generational: Divides objects into different generations based on age.

• Parallel: Uses multiple threads to perform garbage collection concurrently.

• Incremental: Spreads garbage collection work over multiple cycles to reduce pause times.
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Q3. Difference between executors &executorservice?
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Executors are a class that provides factory and utility methods for Executor, ExecutorService is an interface that represents an asynchronous execution service.
• Executors class provides factory and utility methods for Executor interface

• ExecutorService is an interface that represents an asynchronous execution service

• ExecutorService extends Executor interface

• ExecutorService provides methods to manage termination and produ...read more
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Q1. Arraylist find duplicate
Ans. 
Find duplicates in an ArrayList of strings.
• Iterate through the ArrayList and use a HashSet to keep track of seen elements.

• If an element is already in the HashSet, it is a duplicate.

• Store the duplicates in a separate ArrayList or print them directly.
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