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Yes, a new column can be added in between 2 existing columns in a table by altering the table structure.
Yes, a new column can be added in between 2 existing columns by using the ALTER TABLE statement in SQL.
The new column can be specified to be added after a specific existing column.
For example, ALTER TABLE table_name ADD new_column_name datatype AFTER existing_column_name;
ETL and ELT tools are used for extracting, transforming, and loading data in data warehousing and analytics processes.
ETL stands for Extract, Transform, Load and involves extracting data from various sources, transforming it into a usable format, and loading it into a data warehouse or database.
ELT stands for Extract, Load, Transform and involves extracting data, loading it into a target system, and then transform...
Types of joins include inner join, outer join, left join, right join, and full join.
Inner join: Returns rows when there is a match in both tables
Outer join: Returns all rows when there is a match in one of the tables
Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table
Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table
Full join: Returns row...
Data modelling involves creating a visual representation of data relationships and processes.
Data modelling is the process of creating a data model for a database.
It involves identifying the entities, attributes, relationships, and constraints of the data.
Data modelling helps in organizing data effectively and ensuring data integrity.
Common data modelling techniques include Entity-Relationship (ER) modelling and U...
ETL focuses on extracting, transforming, and loading data in a sequential process, while ELT involves loading data into a target system first and then performing transformations.
ETL: Extract, Transform, Load - data is extracted from the source, transformed outside of the target system, and then loaded into the target system.
ELT: Extract, Load, Transform - data is extracted from the source, loaded into the target s...
To find out who is the manager of whom from the employee table.
Join the employee table with itself on the manager_id and employee_id columns
Select the employee name and manager name based on the join condition
SQL query optimization involves identifying and fixing inefficient queries to improve performance.
Identify slow queries using tools like query execution plans or monitoring tools.
Optimize queries by using indexes, avoiding unnecessary joins, and rewriting complex queries.
Consider denormalizing tables or using materialized views for frequently accessed data.
Test and benchmark query performance after optimization to...
Streams are continuous flows of data that can be processed in real-time.
Streams allow for continuous data processing without the need to store all data at once.
Data is processed as it arrives, enabling real-time analytics and decision-making.
Examples of stream processing systems include Apache Kafka, Amazon Kinesis, and Apache Flink.
Snowpipe is a service provided by Snowflake for continuously loading data into the data warehouse.
Snowpipe is a continuous data ingestion service in Snowflake.
It automatically loads data from files placed in a stage into tables in Snowflake.
Snowpipe uses a queue-based architecture to process files in the stage.
It supports various file formats like CSV, JSON, Parquet, etc.
Snowpipe can be configured to load data in ...
The project life cycle consists of phases that guide project management from initiation to closure.
1. Initiation: Define the project scope and objectives, e.g., creating a project charter.
2. Planning: Develop a detailed project plan, including timelines and resources, e.g., Gantt charts.
3. Execution: Implement the project plan, e.g., coordinating team activities and resources.
4. Monitoring and Controlling: Track p...
I appeared for an interview in Jan 2025.
Discussed education and research experiences in detail.
Discussed my academic background, including degrees obtained and relevant coursework.
Talked about any research projects I have worked on, including methodologies used and results achieved.
Highlighted any publications or presentations related to data science or relevant fields.
Mentioned any internships or work experience in data analysis or research roles.
My research topics focus on developing scalable machine learning models for predictive analytics in finance.
I have researched and implemented various machine learning algorithms such as random forests, gradient boosting, and neural networks.
I have explored techniques for feature engineering and model optimization to improve scalability and performance.
I have chosen specific models based on their ability to handle large...
I have a strong educational background in data science and have conducted research in machine learning and predictive analytics.
Completed a Master's degree in Data Science from XYZ University
Conducted research on machine learning algorithms for predictive analytics during my internship at ABC Company
Published a research paper on the application of deep learning in natural language processing
I have conducted research in machine learning and natural language processing, and I would approach problems by first understanding the data and then applying appropriate algorithms.
Conducted research in machine learning and natural language processing
Approach problems by understanding the data first
Apply appropriate algorithms based on the problem
Utilize data visualization techniques to gain insights
I have a Master's degree in Data Science and have conducted research on machine learning algorithms.
Master's degree in Data Science
Research experience in machine learning algorithms
Parameters are learned from data; hyperparameters are set before training to control the learning process.
Parameters are internal to the model, like weights in a neural network.
Hyperparameters are external configurations, such as learning rate or number of trees in a random forest.
Example of parameters: weights in linear regression.
Example of hyperparameters: batch size, number of epochs in training.
Yes, Logistic Regression can be adapted for multi-class classification using techniques like One-vs-Rest or Softmax regression.
Logistic Regression is inherently binary, but can be extended to multi-class using One-vs-Rest (OvR) strategy.
In OvR, a separate binary classifier is trained for each class, treating it as the positive class and all others as negative.
Another approach is Softmax regression, which generalizes lo...
Increasing K in KNN can lead to smoother decision boundaries but may also introduce bias and reduce model sensitivity.
Higher K values can smooth out noise in the data, leading to more generalized predictions.
For example, with K=1, the model may overfit to noise, while K=10 may provide a more stable prediction.
Increasing K can lead to underfitting, where the model fails to capture the underlying patterns in the data.
Cho...
Use techniques like data sampling, mini-batch training, or cloud resources to handle large datasets on limited RAM.
Data Sampling: Use a subset of the data, e.g., 5 GB, to train the model initially.
Mini-Batch Training: Train the model on smaller batches of data, e.g., 256 MB at a time.
Data Augmentation: Generate synthetic data to reduce reliance on the full dataset.
Use Cloud Services: Leverage platforms like AWS or Goog...
I applied via Job Portal and was interviewed in Nov 2024. There were 2 interview rounds.
ETL involves extracting data, transforming it, and then loading it into a target system. ELT involves extracting data, loading it into a target system, and then transforming it.
ETL: Extract, Transform, Load
ELT: Extract, Load, Transform
ETL is suitable for scenarios where data needs to be cleansed and transformed before loading into the target system.
ELT is suitable for scenarios where raw data needs to be quickly loaded...
I appeared for an interview in Feb 2025.
They asked mcqs on all formats of aptitude
I applied via Referral and was interviewed in May 2024. There was 1 interview round.
I applied via Referral and was interviewed in May 2024. There was 1 interview round.
The project life cycle consists of phases that guide project management from initiation to closure.
1. Initiation: Define the project scope and objectives, e.g., creating a project charter.
2. Planning: Develop a detailed project plan, including timelines and resources, e.g., Gantt charts.
3. Execution: Implement the project plan, e.g., coordinating team activities and resources.
4. Monitoring and Controlling: Track projec...
Effective conflict handling involves communication, empathy, and problem-solving to reach a resolution that satisfies all parties.
Listen actively to all parties involved to understand their perspectives.
Use 'I' statements to express feelings without placing blame, e.g., 'I feel overwhelmed when deadlines are tight.'
Encourage collaboration by brainstorming solutions together, fostering a sense of ownership.
Remain calm a...
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Apr 2024. There was 1 interview round.
DOD vs DOR vs acceptance criteria
Definition: DOD (Definition of Done) is a checklist of criteria that a product must meet before it can be considered complete.
Definition: DOR (Definition of Ready) is a checklist of criteria that a user story must meet before it can be worked on.
Acceptance Criteria: Specific conditions that a product must meet to be accepted by the customer.
DOD ensures the quality of the final product, ...
IT project management involves managing projects related to information technology, while regular project management can encompass a wider range of industries and sectors.
IT project management requires specific technical knowledge and expertise in areas such as software development, network infrastructure, and cybersecurity.
Regular project management may involve industries such as construction, healthcare, marketing, a...
I applied via LinkedIn and was interviewed in Apr 2024. There were 5 interview rounds.
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Jan 2024. There were 4 interview rounds.
Various types of documents are used in business analysis to document requirements, processes, and project deliverables.
Business Requirements Document (BRD) - outlines the high-level business objectives and requirements
Functional Requirements Document (FRD) - details the specific functional requirements of a system or application
Use Case Document - describes the interactions between users and a system
Process Flow Diagra...
Account making is the process of creating a new account, while account search is the process of finding existing accounts.
Account making involves gathering necessary information and creating a new account for a user or entity.
Account search involves searching for existing accounts based on specific criteria or parameters.
Account making may include tasks such as collecting personal information, setting up login credenti...
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The duration of kipi.ai interview process can vary, but typically it takes about less than 2 weeks to complete.
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