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Ping operates at the Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, primarily using ICMP for network diagnostics.
Ping uses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), which is defined at Layer 3.
It sends Echo Request messages and waits for Echo Reply messages.
Ping helps determine the reachability of a host on an IP network.
Example: A successful ping indicates that the target device is reachable and responding.
BGP states represent the phases of a BGP session from initialization to established connection.
Idle: Initial state, waiting for a BGP process to start.
Connect: Waiting for a TCP connection to be established.
Active: Actively trying to establish a TCP connection.
OpenSent: BGP has sent an OPEN message and is waiting for a response.
OpenConfirm: Received an OPEN message and sent a KEEPALIVE, waiting for confirmation.
Es...
IPsec provides secure communication over IP networks, while GRE is a tunneling protocol without encryption.
IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) encrypts data for secure transmission.
GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) creates a tunnel for encapsulating packets without encryption.
IPsec is often used for VPNs, ensuring confidentiality and integrity of data.
GRE can encapsulate various protocols, making it versatile for...
Switch congestion occurs when a network switch is overwhelmed with traffic, leading to delays or dropped packets.
Switch congestion can occur when there is a high volume of data being transmitted through the switch
It can lead to delays in data transmission or even dropped packets
Switch congestion can be alleviated by implementing Quality of Service (QoS) policies or upgrading to higher capacity switches
Wireless refers to the transmission of data without the use of physical cables or wires.
Wireless technology uses radio waves to transmit data over a network.
Examples of wireless technology include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular networks.
Wireless networks are convenient for mobile devices and allow for greater flexibility in connectivity.
The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.
The OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection model
It helps in understanding how different networking protocols work together
The seven layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application
Each layer has specific functions and communicates...
Daily routine involves monitoring network performance, troubleshooting issues, implementing upgrades, and collaborating with team members.
Monitor network performance and security
Troubleshoot network issues
Implement network upgrades and configurations
Collaborate with team members on projects and tasks
IPv6 is the successor to IPv4, with larger address space, improved security, and better support for mobile devices.
IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses
IPv6 has a hierarchical addressing structure, allowing for more efficient routing
IPv6 includes built-in security features, such as IPsec
IPv6 has better support for mobile devices, with features like mobile IP and flow labeling
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks, while a switch is a networking device that connects devices within a network.
Routers operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, while switches operate at the data link layer (Layer 2).
Routers use IP addresses to route traffic between different networks, while switches use MAC addresses to forward data within a netwo...
DNS stands for Domain Name System, it translates domain names to IP addresses.
DNS is like a phone book for the internet, translating domain names (like google.com) to IP addresses (like 172.217.3.206).
DNS works by sending queries to a series of servers, starting with the local DNS resolver and moving up to authoritative DNS servers.
DNS uses a hierarchical system with multiple levels of servers, including root serv...
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Oct 2024. There was 1 interview round.
Wireless refers to the transmission of data without the use of physical cables or wires.
Wireless technology uses radio waves to transmit data over a network.
Examples of wireless technology include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular networks.
Wireless networks are convenient for mobile devices and allow for greater flexibility in connectivity.
Switch congestion occurs when a network switch is overwhelmed with traffic, leading to delays or dropped packets.
Switch congestion can occur when there is a high volume of data being transmitted through the switch
It can lead to delays in data transmission or even dropped packets
Switch congestion can be alleviated by implementing Quality of Service (QoS) policies or upgrading to higher capacity switches
Wireless device configuration involves setting up and managing wireless networks for optimal performance.
Understand the network requirements and goals
Select appropriate wireless devices and access points
Configure SSIDs, security settings, and encryption protocols
Optimize placement of access points for coverage and performance
Monitor and troubleshoot network performance
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Jan 2024. There were 3 interview rounds.
Easy time and work and some technical questions
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Sep 2023. There were 3 interview rounds.
Daily routine involves monitoring network performance, troubleshooting issues, implementing upgrades, and collaborating with team members.
Monitor network performance and security
Troubleshoot network issues
Implement network upgrades and configurations
Collaborate with team members on projects and tasks
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Jan 2024. There was 1 interview round.
OSPF areas are used to divide a network into smaller segments for better routing efficiency and scalability.
OSPF areas are logical groupings of routers and networks within an OSPF autonomous system.
Each area has its own Area ID, which is a 32-bit number used to identify the area.
Area 0 is known as the backbone area and must be present in every OSPF network.
Areas other than Area 0 are called non-backbone areas.
OSPF rout...
It was mixed test actually, aptitude and reasoning
The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.
The OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection model
It helps in understanding how different networking protocols work together
The seven layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application
Each layer has specific functions and communicates with...
WAN stands for Wide Area Network and LAN stands for Local Area Network. WAN connects multiple LANs over a large geographical area.
WAN covers a large geographical area, such as a city, country, or even globally
LAN covers a smaller area, like a single building or campus
WAN uses public or private networks to connect LANs
LAN typically uses Ethernet or Wi-Fi for connectivity
Examples: WAN - Internet, LAN - Home network
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