CMS Computers Limited (INDIA) Interview Questions and Answers

A primary key is a unique identifier for a record in a database table, ensuring data integrity and enabling efficient data retrieval.

• Uniqueness: Each value in a primary key column must be unique across the table.

• Non-null: Primary key fields cannot contain NULL values.

• Single or Composite: A primary key can be a single column or a combination of multiple columns (composite key).

• Example: In a 'Users' table, 'UserID' ...read more

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language designed for portability, performance, and security across platforms.

• Developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995, now owned by Oracle.

• Java is platform-independent due to the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

• It follows the principle of 'Write Once, Run Anywhere' (WORA).

• Java supports object-oriented programming concepts like inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism.

• ...read more

An operating system is software that manages computer hardware and software resources, providing services for computer programs.

• Acts as an intermediary between users and the computer hardware.

• Manages system resources like CPU, memory, and storage.

• Examples include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.

• Provides a user interface, either command-line or graphical.

• Handles file management, process management, and security.

A process is a series of actions or steps taken to achieve a particular end or result.

• Processes can be sequential or parallel, such as manufacturing assembly lines or software development cycles.

• In engineering, a process might involve design, testing, and implementation phases.

• Examples include the water purification process, which involves filtration, sedimentation, and disinfection.

• In business, a process could re...read more

Block storage is a type of storage that stores data in fixed-size blocks, while NFS storage is a network-based storage system that allows multiple clients to access files over a network.

• Block storage is typically used for databases and applications that require high performance and low latency.

• NFS storage is commonly used for file sharing and collaboration among multiple users or systems.

• Block storage provides dir...read more

Loops in Java 7 vs Loops in Streams

• Java 7 loops use imperative programming style, while streams use functional programming style

• Java 7 loops require explicit iteration, while streams handle iteration internally

• Streams provide built-in methods for filtering, mapping, and reducing data

• Streams can be parallelized for improved performance

• Java 7 loops are generally more efficient for simple iterations

Write a custom finder method to find the second highest salary.

• Sort the salaries in descending order.

• Retrieve the second element from the sorted list.

• Handle edge cases such as when there are duplicate salaries or less than two salaries.

High Availability (HA) ensures systems remain operational and accessible, minimizing downtime through redundancy and failover mechanisms.

• HA involves multiple components working together to provide continuous service.

• Common HA strategies include clustering, load balancing, and failover systems.

• For example, in a web application, multiple servers can be set up to handle requests, ensuring that if one fails, others ca...read more