Microsoft Corporation Software Developer II Interview Questions and Answers

Data Structure related questions

Q1. Java related interview questions
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It was quite good

Assignment was real world based

Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Q1. 
Find All Anagrams Problem Statement
Given a string STR and a non-empty string PTR, identify all the starting indices of anagrams of PTR within STR.
Explanation:
An anagram of a string is another string ...read more
Ans. 
Given a string STR and a non-empty string PTR, find all starting indices of anagrams of PTR within STR.
• Create a frequency map of characters in PTR.

• Use sliding window technique to check anagrams in STR.

• Return the starting indices of anagrams found.
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Q2. 
Subset Sum Problem Statement
Given an array of integers, find the sum of all subsets in non-decreasing order of the given array.
Example:
Input:
N = 3, array = [1, 2]
Output:
[0, 1, 2, 3]
Explanatio...read more
Ans. 
Find sum of all subsets in non-decreasing order of given array.
• Use recursion to generate all subsets of the array

• Calculate sum of each subset and store in a list

• Sort the list in non-decreasing order to get the final result
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

First he asked me to tell about myself, then he asked me some OOPS Concepts,difference in shallow copy and deep copy,
asked me to write a code for boundary traversal of binary tree.

Q1. 
Boundary Traversal of Binary Tree Problem Statement
Given a binary tree consisting of integers, your task is to provide the boundary nodes of this tree in an anti-clockwise direction, starting with the ro...read more
Ans. 
Boundary traversal of a binary tree to find left boundary, right boundary, and leaf nodes in an anti-clockwise direction.
• Perform a pre-order traversal to get the left boundary nodes

• Perform an in-order traversal to get the leaf nodes

• Perform a post-order traversal to get the right boundary nodes

• Combine the results to get the boundary nodes in anti-clockwise direction
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

The second tech interview lasted for about an hour and half. First he asked me to tell about myself. Then he asked me how my first interview was. He then asked me where should I start, data structures, databases, to which I replied anywhere.
He started asking questions about C. He asked difference between call by pointer and call by reference. Whether a function can be defined as
void function(int &x, int &y);
Then he asked what is volatile data type in C. Then about the static data class.
He also asked me to write a program to find length of a string.
Then he asked about how functions in C work. How does the program know where to go back after a function is over, etc.
He then asked me if I knew C++, I said no. So he continued to ask a few questions on data structures.
He then asked about the ACID properties which a good database must have. He asked how are transactions managed by a database, what are commits, how, in case of a power failure, data is reverted back, etc.
Then he asked me whether I like to work individually or in a team. I said in a team. He then gave me scenario where I have to decide between a project I am working on, whose deadline is approaching, and helping a friend working on another project whose deadline is also approaching, and asked me what would I do in such a case.

Q1. 
Find the Middle of a Linked List
This problem requires you to return a pointer that references the middle node of a singly linked list.
Explanation:
If the number of elements in the linked list is odd, ...read more
Ans. 
Return the middle node of a singly linked list, considering odd and even number of elements.
• Traverse the linked list with two pointers, one moving twice as fast as the other

• When the fast pointer reaches the end, the slow pointer will be at the middle

• Return the node pointed to by the slow pointer as the middle node
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Q1. What is your favourite google product and how would you improve it ?
Ans. 
My favorite Google product is Google Maps, and I would enhance its offline capabilities and user-generated content features.
• Improve offline map functionality by allowing users to download larger areas for navigation.

• Integrate augmented reality features for better navigation in complex environments, like malls or airports.

• Enhance user-generated content by implementing a reward system for accurate reviews and updates.

• Int...read more
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Q2. Tell me about a time you set a goal and achieved it
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