Orient Technologies Team Lead Operations Interview Questions and Answers

IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) and IDS (Intrusion Detection System) are security technologies for monitoring and protecting networks.

• IPS actively blocks potential threats, while IDS only detects and alerts.

• Example of IPS: Snort IPS, which can prevent attacks in real-time.

• Example of IDS: Snort IDS, which logs and alerts on suspicious activities.

• IPS is often placed inline, whereas IDS is typically placed out of band.

Stateful firewalls track active connections, while stateless firewalls filter packets based on predefined rules without connection context.

• Stateful firewalls maintain a table of active connections, allowing them to make decisions based on the state of the connection.

• Stateless firewalls inspect each packet individually, applying rules without considering the context of the traffic flow.

• Example of a stateful firewall: Ci...read more

Firewalls are security devices that monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

• Packet Filtering Firewall: Inspects packets and allows or blocks them based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols. Example: Cisco ASA.

• Stateful Inspection Firewall: Tracks the state of active connections and makes decisions based on the context of traffic. Example: Check Point Firewall.

• Prox...read more

Configuring a firewall involves defining rules to control network traffic and protect systems from unauthorized access.

• 1. Determine the firewall type: hardware or software (e.g., Cisco ASA for hardware, Windows Firewall for software).

• 2. Define security policies: establish rules for allowed and denied traffic based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols.

• 3. Configure interfaces: set up internal and external interfaces wit...read more

Upgrading firewall firmware involves planning, downloading, and applying updates to enhance security and performance.

• 1. Backup current configuration: Always save the existing settings before making changes.

• 2. Check compatibility: Ensure the new firmware version is compatible with your hardware model.

• 3. Download firmware: Obtain the latest firmware from the manufacturer's website.

• 4. Review release notes: Understand new ...read more

NAT (Network Address Translation) is a method used to modify IP address information in packet headers while in transit across a router.

• NAT allows multiple devices on a local network to share a single public IP address.

• It enhances security by hiding internal IP addresses from external networks.

• Example: A home router uses NAT to allow multiple devices to access the internet through one public IP.

• Types of NAT include Stat...read more

SNAT translates source IP addresses, while DNAT translates destination IP addresses in network address translation.

• SNAT (Source Network Address Translation) modifies the source IP address of packets.

• Example of SNAT: A private IP (192.168.1.10) is translated to a public IP (203.0.113.5) for internet access.

• DNAT (Destination Network Address Translation) modifies the destination IP address of packets.

• Example of DNAT: A pu...read more

Web filters are tools that control and manage internet content access, enhancing security and productivity.

• Blocks access to harmful websites, such as those containing malware or phishing attempts.

• Enforces company policies by restricting access to non-work-related sites, like social media or gaming.

• Monitors internet usage to ensure compliance with regulations and internal policies.

• Can categorize websites into different ...read more

Antispoofing refers to techniques used to prevent unauthorized access by verifying the authenticity of users or devices.

• Antispoofing techniques include biometric verification, such as fingerprint or facial recognition.

• In cybersecurity, antispoofing can involve email authentication methods like SPF and DKIM to prevent email spoofing.

• Voice recognition systems may use antispoofing measures to differentiate between real vo...read more

IKEv1 and IKEv2 are protocols for establishing secure connections in IPsec VPNs, with key differences in features and performance.

• IKEv1 supports only main mode and aggressive mode, while IKEv2 simplifies this with a single mode.

• IKEv2 has built-in support for NAT traversal, improving connectivity in various network environments.

• IKEv2 offers better security features, including support for EAP (Extensible Authentication P...read more