Techolution Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Introduce yourself
Ans. 
I am a passionate Python developer with experience in web development and data analysis.
• Experienced in Python programming language

• Skilled in web development using frameworks like Django and Flask

• Proficient in data analysis with libraries like Pandas and NumPy
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Q2. Some questions around my resume (first round is taken by a HR who knows some tech)
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Q3. I was specifically asked question around APIs, their structure
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Q4. Multi threading and Multiprocessing in python
Ans. 
Multi threading and Multiprocessing are techniques used in Python to achieve parallelism and improve performance.
• Multi threading allows multiple threads to run concurrently within the same process, sharing the same memory space.

• Multiprocessing involves creating multiple processes to run tasks in parallel, each with its own memory space.

• Multi threading is more suitable for I/O-bound tasks, while multiprocessing is bette...read more
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Q5. Decorators and lambda function in python
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Decorators are functions that modify the behavior of other functions. Lambda functions are anonymous functions defined using the lambda keyword.
• Decorators are used to add functionality to existing functions without modifying their code.

• Lambda functions are used for creating small, anonymous functions.

• Example of decorator: @staticmethod decorator in Python.

• Example of lambda function: lambda x: x*2
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Q6. API design for a book store (what would be the endpoints and what methods would you use)
Ans. 
Endpoints and methods for a book store API
• Endpoints: /books (GET, POST), /books/{id} (GET, PUT, DELETE), /authors (GET, POST), /authors/{id} (GET, PUT, DELETE)

• Methods: GET (retrieve data), POST (create new data), PUT (update existing data), DELETE (delete data)

• Example: GET /books - retrieve all books, POST /books - add a new book to the store
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Q7. DSA question based on binary search
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Binary search is an efficient algorithm for finding an item from a sorted list of items.
• Binary search works on sorted arrays. Example: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].

• It divides the search interval in half. If the target is less than the middle element, search the left half.

• If the target is greater, search the right half. Example: Searching for 3 in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] results in mid index 2.

• The time complexity is O(log n), making it much...read more
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Q8. DSA question based on simple array manipulation separate odd and even from array
Ans. 
Separate odd and even numbers from an array using Python.
• Use list comprehension to filter odd and even numbers.

• Example: For array [1, 2, 3, 4], evens = [2, 4], odds = [1, 3].

• You can also use a loop to append to separate lists.

• Example: Initialize two lists, iterate through the array, and append accordingly.
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Q9. DSA question on array manipulation : splitting array into N subarrays such that each subarray has the same sum. I was asked my proficency in DP and I said I am begginer
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Q1. Introduce yourself
Ans. 
I am a passionate Python developer with experience in web development and data analysis.
• Experienced in Python programming language

• Skilled in web development using frameworks like Django and Flask

• Proficient in data analysis with libraries like Pandas and NumPy
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Q2. DSA question Reverse a linked list. Optimized and brute force discussion type of interview
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Q3. DSA question DP problem, leetcode jump game question. (DP is their favourite ig)
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Q4. Deep copy and shallow copy in python
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Deep copy creates a new object and recursively copies the objects found in the original. Shallow copy creates a new object and references the objects found in the original.
• Deep copy creates a new object and recursively copies all nested objects, while shallow copy creates a new object and references the nested objects.

• Deep copy is used when you want to create a completely independent copy of an object, while shallow co...read more
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Q5. How would you rate yourself in python
Ans. 
I would rate myself as proficient in Python, with experience in developing various projects and solving complex problems.
• Proficient in Python programming language

• Experience in developing projects using Python

• Able to solve complex problems using Python

• Familiar with popular Python libraries and frameworks

• Continuously learning and improving my Python skills
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Q1. Introduction about yourself
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I am a passionate computer science student with a strong interest in artificial intelligence and machine learning.
• Currently pursuing a degree in computer science

• Completed multiple projects related to AI and ML

• Participated in coding competitions and hackathons

• Familiar with programming languages like Python, Java, and C++
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Q2. High level overview of projects, challenges faces and how you overcomed those
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Q3. Two DSA simple DSA questions one on printing Pattern and binary search
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Q4. And also baisc NLP and gen AI questions (what is stemming, lemmatization and chunking, what are hyperparameters, how can we resolve hallucinations)
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Q5. One real world application of gen ai on a small problem statement (it was you have a e-commerce platform how will you use llms here> finetuning/ rag or some other)
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Q6. Last question was if a llm is generating repitive outputs how do you resolve it
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Q1. Introduction about yourself
Ans. 
I am a passionate computer science student with a strong interest in generative AI and machine learning.
• Currently pursuing a degree in computer science

• Completed multiple projects related to machine learning and AI

• Participated in hackathons and coding competitions

• Familiar with programming languages like Python, Java, and C++
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Q2. An AI engineer will ask questions about your projects
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Q3. NLP, LLMs(rag &finetuning) and machine learning concepts( what is regression, can we implement regression as classification, how to evaluate a rag model etc)
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Q4. Then again another DSA Question on printing a pattern this was the Pattern: 1 2 9 3 8 10 4 7 11 14 5 6 12 13 15
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Q5. Then he gave me some challenge faced in building gen ai appliations i dont really recall the question but it was more about seeing your problem solving approach
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Q1. Basic introduction
Ans. 
Aspiring AI intern with a passion for generative models and a background in computer science and machine learning.
• Currently pursuing a degree in Computer Science with a focus on AI and machine learning.

• Completed projects on generative adversarial networks (GANs) and natural language processing.

• Interned at a tech startup where I assisted in developing AI-driven applications.

• Participated in hackathons, winning first plac...read more
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Q2. Indepth concepts on your projects like in my project i use Qlora finetuning he asked me to explain Quantization in depth (pruning and all)
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Q3. Then he asked me what are transformers?
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Q4. Then again on coding part he asked me to implement binary search, quick sort, merge sort
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Q1. Introduce yourself ?
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Q2. Day to Day activities ?
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Q3. What are your strengths and weakness ?
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Q4. Do you about technical concepts like DNS, DHCP, Firewalls, Servers, Microsoft Intune ?
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Q5. What is your opinion in joining this company ? out of 10 ?
Ans. 
I would rate my interest in joining this company as a solid 9, due to its innovative projects and collaborative culture.
• The company's commitment to cutting-edge technology aligns with my career goals.

• I admire the emphasis on teamwork and knowledge sharing, which fosters growth.

• The opportunity to work on diverse projects excites me, as it enhances my skill set.

• I appreciate the company's focus on employee development and...read more
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Q1. Introduce yourself ?
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Q2. What have you worked on last three months ?
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Q3. Some Employees are unable to access some websites ? Some are able to access ? what might be the issue ?
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Q4. What devices you have worked on in your previous organization ?
Ans. 
I have worked on various networking devices including routers, switches, firewalls, and servers to ensure optimal network performance.
• Configured Cisco routers for WAN connectivity and optimized routing protocols.

• Managed HP and Cisco switches to maintain VLANs and improve network segmentation.

• Implemented firewall rules on Fortinet and Palo Alto devices to enhance security.

• Monitored network performance using tools like S...read more
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Q5. Types of Network switches ? L1 , L2 ?
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Q6. Write down the steps to backup the running-config of a switch ?
Ans. 
Steps to backup the running-config of a switch
• Access the switch's command line interface

• Enter privileged EXEC mode by typing 'enable'

• Copy the running-config to a TFTP server using the 'copy running-config tftp' command

• Follow the prompts to specify the TFTP server IP address and the destination filename

• Verify the backup by checking the TFTP server for the saved configuration file
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Q7. Most challenging situation you faced and how did you resolved it ? Explain in star format ?
Ans. 
Handled a network outage during a critical project deadline.
• Identified the root cause of the network outage

• Collaborated with team members to troubleshoot and resolve the issue

• Implemented temporary workarounds to ensure project progress

• Communicated updates and progress to stakeholders

• Documented the incident for future reference
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Q8. How does the Internet work ?
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Q9. 192.168.1.0/24 how many usable IP addresses are there ?
Ans. 
There are 254 usable IP addresses in the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet.
• A /24 subnet mask means there are 256 total IP addresses available.

• Subtracting the network address (192.168.1.0) and broadcast address (192.168.1.255), leaves 254 usable IP addresses.

• Example: 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 are the usable IP addresses in the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet.
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Q10. Explain the steps to create policies in firewall ?
Ans. 
Creating policies in a firewall involves defining rules to control traffic flow and access permissions.
• Access the firewall management interface

• Navigate to the firewall policies section

• Create a new policy

• Define the source and destination addresses

• Specify the allowed or denied services/ports

• Set the action to allow or block traffic

• Apply the policy to the appropriate interfaces

• Save and activate the policy
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Q11. How do you troubleshoot VPN issues in the network ?
Ans. 
Troubleshooting VPN issues involves systematic checks of configurations, connectivity, and logs to identify and resolve problems.
• Check VPN client configuration: Ensure the correct server address, authentication method, and credentials are used.

• Verify network connectivity: Use ping and traceroute to check if the VPN server is reachable from the client.

• Examine firewall settings: Ensure that the necessary ports (e.g., UDP...read more
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Q12. Types of VPNs and differences ?
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Q13. What is L2TP & PPTP ?
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Q14. What is the use of STP ?
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Q15. Difference between STP,, RPST, RPVST ?
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Q16. What is MSTP ?
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Q17. Any feedback about the interview ?
Ans. 
The interview was insightful, providing a clear understanding of the role and expectations while also allowing for candidate questions.
• The interviewers were knowledgeable and provided detailed explanations about the team's projects.

• I appreciated the opportunity to ask questions, which helped clarify the role's responsibilities.

• The technical questions were relevant and aligned with the skills required for the position, ...read more
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Q1. Introduction and day to day activities ?
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Q2. Explain OSI model in depth ?
Ans. 
The OSI model is a conceptual framework used to understand network communication in seven layers.
• Layer 1: Physical - Deals with the physical connection between devices (e.g., cables, switches).

• Layer 2: Data Link - Responsible for node-to-node data transfer (e.g., Ethernet, MAC addresses).

• Layer 3: Network - Manages routing of data packets (e.g., IP addresses, routers).

• Layer 4: Transport - Ensures complete data transfer ...read more
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Q3. In which layer Firewall works ?
Ans. 
Firewall works at the network layer.
• Firewall operates at the network layer of the OSI model.

• It filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a set of security rules.

• Firewalls can be hardware-based or software-based.

• Examples of firewalls include Cisco ASA, Palo Alto Networks, and pfSense.
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Q4. What is port number of SSH ?
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Q5. What is port number of apache ?
Ans. 
The port number of Apache is 80 by default.
• The default port number for Apache is 80.

• Port 80 is used for HTTP traffic.

• Apache can be configured to listen on different port numbers if needed.
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Q6. Where we can change default port of apache web server to 80 ?
Ans. 
The default port of Apache web server can be changed in the configuration file httpd.conf.
• Locate the httpd.conf file in the Apache installation directory.

• Search for the 'Listen' directive in the httpd.conf file.

• Change the port number specified after 'Listen' to the desired port number.

• Save the changes and restart the Apache web server for the new port to take effect.
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Q7. Where is actual web content stored in apache web server ?
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Web content in Apache web server is stored in the DocumentRoot directory specified in the configuration file.
• Web content is stored in the DocumentRoot directory specified in the Apache configuration file.

• The default location for DocumentRoot in Apache is /var/www/html.

• Additional directories can be specified for storing web content using VirtualHost configurations.
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Q8. What is APIPA ?
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Q9. What is NAT ? what is it's purpose ?
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Q10. Explain DHCP in depth ?
Ans. 
DHCP is a network protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.
• DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

• It allows devices to obtain IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS server addresses automatically.

• DHCP servers lease IP addresses to devices for a specific period of time.

• DHCP uses a four-step process: Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge (DORA).

• DHCP reduces ...read more
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Q11. What is the process followed by DHCP ? Explain in depth ?
Ans. 
DHCP automates IP address assignment in networks through a four-step process: Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge.
• 1. DHCP Discover: Client broadcasts a request to find available DHCP servers.

• 2. DHCP Offer: Servers respond with an offer, including an IP address and configuration details.

• 3. DHCP Request: Client selects an offer and requests the offered IP address from the chosen server.

• 4. DHCP Acknowledge: The serv...read more
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Q12. What is IP sec VPN ?
Ans. 
IPsec VPN is a secure network connection that uses encryption and authentication to protect data transmitted over the internet.
• IPsec VPN stands for Internet Protocol Security Virtual Private Network.

• It provides secure communication by encrypting data packets and authenticating the parties involved.

• IPsec VPN can be used to connect remote offices securely over the internet.

• It is commonly used for secure remote access to ...read more
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Q13. Difference between SSL & Site-to-Site VPN ?
Ans. 
SSL is used to secure individual connections, while Site-to-Site VPN is used to securely connect entire networks.
• SSL is used to encrypt data transmitted between a client and a server over the internet.

• Site-to-Site VPN is used to securely connect two or more networks over the internet or other public networks.

• SSL is commonly used for securing online transactions, email, and web browsing.

• Site-to-Site VPN is commonly used...read more
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Q14. How to add interfaces to a VLAN ?
Ans. 
To add interfaces to a VLAN, configure the switch ports to the desired VLAN using specific commands.
• Access the switch's command line interface (CLI).

• Enter global configuration mode using 'configure terminal'.

• Select the interface you want to add to the VLAN, e.g., 'interface GigabitEthernet0/1'.

• Assign the interface to the VLAN using 'switchport access vlan [VLAN_ID]', e.g., 'switchport access vlan 10'.

• Repeat for additio...read more
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Q15. Devices in the same VLAN can communicate with each other ? what are those ports called as ?
Ans. 
Yes, devices in the same VLAN can communicate with each other. The ports used for this communication are called as access ports.
• Devices in the same VLAN can communicate with each other using access ports

• Access ports are used to connect end devices like computers, printers, etc. to the VLAN

• Access ports are typically configured on switches to assign a specific VLAN to a specific port
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Q16. If we have to assign multiple ports to same VLAN, what command we should use ?
Ans. 
Use the 'switchport access vlan' command in interface configuration mode to assign multiple ports to a VLAN.
• Enter global configuration mode: 'configure terminal'

• Select the interface: 'interface range FastEthernet 0/1 - 24'

• Assign the VLAN: 'switchport access vlan 10'

• Exit configuration mode: 'end' or 'exit'

• Verify the configuration: 'show vlan brief'
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Q17. What are ports called as which carries multiple VLANs ?
Ans. 
Ports that carry multiple VLANs are known as trunk ports, allowing for efficient network segmentation.
• Trunk ports are used to connect switches and carry traffic for multiple VLANs.

• They use tagging protocols like IEEE 802.1Q to identify VLANs.

• Example: A trunk port on a switch can carry traffic for VLAN 10, VLAN 20, and VLAN 30 simultaneously.

• Trunk ports are essential for inter-switch communication in a VLAN environment.
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Q18. By default how many S3 buckets can we create in AWS ?
Ans. 
By default, you can create up to 100 S3 buckets in AWS.
• By default, AWS allows you to create up to 100 S3 buckets per AWS account.

• This limit can be increased by submitting a service limit increase request to AWS support.

• The limit applies to the total number of buckets in an AWS account, including those in all AWS Regions.

• If you reach the limit, you will need to delete existing buckets or request a limit increase to crea...read more
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Q19. AWS VPC related scenario based question ?
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Q20. What service you used to monitor aws services ?
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Q21. How to take backup of firmware in firewall without affecting production ?
Ans. 
Backing up firewall firmware involves careful planning to ensure no disruption to network services.
• Schedule backups during off-peak hours to minimize impact on users.

• Use a redundant firewall setup to ensure continuity while backing up the primary device.

• Utilize the firewall's built-in backup features, which often allow for live backups.

• Test the backup process in a lab environment before implementing it in production.

• Do...read more
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Q22. How do you automate firmware update and backup ?
Ans. 
Automate firmware update and backup by using scripting languages and configuration management tools.
• Use scripting languages like Python, PowerShell, or Bash to automate the process of downloading and applying firmware updates.

• Utilize configuration management tools such as Ansible, Puppet, or Chef to automate the deployment of firmware updates across multiple devices.

• Schedule regular backups of firmware configurations a...read more
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Q23. Have you worked with MPLS ?
Ans. 
Yes, I have experience with MPLS, focusing on its implementation and benefits in network efficiency and performance.
• MPLS stands for Multi-Protocol Label Switching, which enhances the speed and efficiency of network traffic.

• It allows for the creation of end-to-end circuits across any type of transport medium, using any protocol.

• I have configured MPLS in a service provider environment to improve data routing and reduce l...read more
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I cleared the L1 and L2 rounds. The interviewer didn't seem to know how to solve the questions, just throwing leetcode questions. Luckily, I've been griding leetcode for over a month now. In the L3 round, I was interviewed by their senior developer, who had less experience than me. He didn't know how to conduct an interview and was really annoying. It was monstly like, 'You solved it?, now great, I want it this way or that way now...' contantly confusing me along the way. Despite solving all the questions, I asked him about his approach, and his reponse made me laugh and confused at the same time. The HR was really nice and supportive throughout the process, though. All good though, I've taken interviews myself and build a strong team. I am glad I am not like the interviewer, I actually know how to approach candidates and how to ask questions. What he is doing is just showing off and confusing. Another thing to note here is not a single question related to development or achievement was asked to me. No questions related to projects as well.
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