Morgan Stanley Interview Questions and Answers

Easy to Medium DSA questions and Multiple Choice Java questions

Q1. How HashMaps in Java work internally
Ans. 
HashMaps in Java use hashing to store key-value pairs, allowing for fast retrieval and insertion.
• HashMap uses a hash table to store key-value pairs.

• Keys are hashed to determine the index where the value will be stored.

• Collisions are resolved using linked lists or balanced trees.

• HashMap allows null keys and values.

• Example: HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
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Q2. Array Problem of DSA Medium
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The array problem involves manipulating an array of strings.
• Use built-in array methods like map, filter, and reduce for efficient manipulation.

• Consider sorting the array based on specific criteria.

• Think about using regular expressions for string manipulation.

• Handle edge cases like empty arrays or null values appropriately.
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Q1. System design question
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Q1. Tell me about yourself.
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Q2. Why did you hiring this company
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I admire your company's commitment to integrity and excellence in auditing, which aligns with my professional values and career goals.
• Your company's reputation for thoroughness and accuracy in audits is impressive, as seen in your recent accolades.

• I appreciate your focus on continuous professional development, which is evident from your training programs for employees.

• The collaborative work environment you promote alig...read more
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Q1. Walk me thru your CV
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I have a diverse background in finance, with experience in investment banking, corporate finance, and financial analysis.
• Started my career as an investment banking analyst at Goldman Sachs

• Transitioned to corporate finance role at Microsoft, focusing on financial planning and analysis

• Currently working as a financial analyst at a tech startup, responsible for budgeting and forecasting
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Q2. Technical questions from Job description
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Technical questions assess your knowledge and skills relevant to the job role.
• Understand key technologies mentioned in the job description, e.g., Python, SQL.

• Be prepared to explain your experience with specific tools or frameworks.

• Provide examples of past projects where you applied relevant skills.

• Demonstrate problem-solving abilities through technical scenarios.
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Q3. Why switching your job?
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Seeking new challenges and growth opportunities in a different environment.
• Looking for new challenges and opportunities for growth

• Interested in exploring different work environments

• Seeking a change in career path or industry

• Want to enhance skills and knowledge in a different setting
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Q4. Behavioral Questions
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I faced a challenging project with tight deadlines, which taught me teamwork and effective communication skills.
• Collaborated with a diverse team to meet project goals.

• Implemented a daily stand-up meeting to track progress.

• Adapted to changing requirements by prioritizing tasks.

• Received positive feedback from management for leadership.
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Q5. Projects and accomplishments
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Q6. How do you align with the role?
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I align with the role through my strong communication skills, attention to detail, and ability to work well in a team.
• Strong communication skills: I excel in conveying information clearly and effectively to team members and clients.

• Attention to detail: I have a keen eye for spotting errors and ensuring tasks are completed accurately.

• Teamwork: I thrive in collaborative environments and enjoy working with others to achie...read more
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Q1. Write your own implementation for shared pointer. How it will handle if it get assigned by another one. How will you use it in main method. How will you overload -> operator and dereferencing operator in t...read more
Ans. 
Implementation of shared and unique pointers in C++ with operator overloading.
• Implement a class for shared pointer with reference counting.

• Handle assignment by incrementing reference count and decrementing old pointer's count.

• Overload -> and * operators to access underlying object.

• Use shared pointer in main method by creating instances and passing them around.

• For unique pointer, implement a class that transfers ownersh...read more
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Q2. Simple problem for binary search but input values are double not integer
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Q1. Given bst find two values from tree which will give you required sum. In two pointer is it better to use middle-out instead of starting from both end probabilistically
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Q2. Design splitwise like add and explain
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Q1. Write signature of shared pointer
Ans. 
A shared pointer is a smart pointer that manages the lifetime of an object through reference counting.
• std::shared_ptr<T> ptr; // Declaration of a shared pointer

• std::shared_ptr<int> p1 = std::make_shared<int>(10); // Creating a shared pointer to an int

• std::shared_ptr<MyClass> p2(new MyClass()); // Creating a shared pointer with a custom deleter
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Q2. Design system similar to load balancer where if request comes again with same id it should go to server it went for first time. with constant space complexity
Ans. 
Design a load balancer that routes requests with the same ID to the same server using constant space.
• Use a hash function to map request IDs to server indices.

• Maintain a fixed-size array of servers to ensure constant space.

• On first request, store the mapping of ID to server index.

• For subsequent requests, retrieve the server index using the stored mapping.
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Q3. Design system where there is org hierarchy and you should be able to find all sub-ordinates Optimize is using array of pointer
Ans. 
Design a system with org hierarchy to find all sub-ordinates using array of pointers.
• Create a class for each employee with a pointer to their manager

• Use an array of pointers to store all employee objects

• Traverse the array to find all sub-ordinates of a given employee
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Q4. Write lambda function and it's signature
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Q5. Do you know about template Class and function template
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Q6. How does auto work internally?
Ans. 
The 'auto' keyword in C++ deduces the type of a variable at compile time, enhancing code readability and flexibility.
• 1. Type Deduction: 'auto' allows the compiler to infer the variable type based on the initializer. Example: 'auto x = 5;' infers 'int'.

• 2. Complex Types: It can be used with complex types like iterators. Example: 'auto it = myVector.begin();' deduces the iterator type.

• 3. Function Return Types: 'auto' can ...read more
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Q1. Are you ready to shift to bengaluru
Ans. 
Yes, I am ready to shift to Bengaluru for the c++ associate position.
• I am excited about the opportunity to work in Bengaluru.

• I have researched the city and am comfortable with the relocation.

• I am flexible and adaptable to new environments.

• I have friends/family in Bengaluru who can support me during the transition.
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