Accenture Data Engineering Analyst Interview Questions and Answers

Sql, pyhton, azure databricks, azure data factory

Q1. Introduce your self and Explain Your Project and your Role?
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Q2. Explain Airflow with its Internal Architecture?
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Q3. What is RDD in Spark?
Ans. 
RDD stands for Resilient Distributed Dataset in Spark, which is an immutable distributed collection of objects.
• RDD is the fundamental data structure in Spark, representing a collection of elements that can be operated on in parallel.

• RDDs are fault-tolerant, meaning they can automatically recover from failures.

• RDDs support two types of operations: transformations (creating a new RDD from an existing one) and actions (tr...read more
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Q4. Define RDD Lineage and its Process
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RDD Lineage is the record of transformations applied to an RDD and the dependencies between RDDs.
• RDD Lineage tracks the sequence of transformations applied to an RDD from its source data.

• It helps in fault tolerance by allowing RDDs to be reconstructed in case of data loss.

• RDD Lineage is used in Spark to optimize the execution plan by eliminating unnecessary computations.

• Example: If an RDD is created from a text file an...read more
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Q5. What do you mean by broadcast Variables?
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Broadcast Variables are read-only shared variables that are cached on each machine in a Spark cluster rather than being sent with tasks.
• Broadcast Variables are used to efficiently distribute large read-only datasets to all worker nodes in a Spark cluster.

• They are useful for tasks that require the same data to be shared across multiple stages of a job.

• Broadcast Variables are created using the broadcast() method in Spark...read more
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Q6. What is Broadcasting are you using Broadcasting and what is the limitation of broadcasting?
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Broadcasting is a technique used in Apache Spark to optimize data transfer by sending smaller data to all nodes in a cluster.
• Broadcasting is used to efficiently distribute read-only data to all nodes in a cluster to avoid unnecessary data shuffling.

• It is commonly used when joining large datasets with smaller lookup tables.

• Broadcast variables are cached in memory and reused across multiple stages of a Spark job.

• The limi...read more
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Q7. Are you using acumulator and Explain cathelyst optimizer
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Accumulators are used for aggregating values across tasks, while Catalyst optimizer is a query optimizer for Apache Spark.
• Accumulators are variables that are only added to through an associative and commutative operation and can be used to implement counters or sums.

• Catalyst optimizer is a rule-based query optimizer that leverages advanced programming language features to build an extensible query optimizer.

• Catalyst op...read more
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Q8. Suppose you adding a block and that takes much time you have to debug it how you start the debug ?
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To debug a slow block, start by identifying potential bottlenecks, analyzing logs, checking for errors, and profiling the code.
• Identify potential bottlenecks in the code or system that could be causing the slow performance.

• Analyze logs and error messages to pinpoint any issues or exceptions that may be occurring.

• Use profiling tools to analyze the performance of the code and identify areas that need optimization.

• Check f...read more
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Q9. You have to 200 Petabyte of data to load how you will decide the number of executor required ?out of cache you have
Ans. 
The number of executors required to load 200 Petabytes of data depends on the size of each executor and the available cache.
• Calculate the size of each executor based on available resources and data size

• Consider the amount of cache available for data processing

• Determine the optimal number of executors based on the above factors
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Q10. What is prepartition ?
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Q11. Sql Query Table Name Employee column Employee name Salary Department first read this csv file and then write the query in pyspark to find out the name of the employee whose salary is 2nd highest in eac...read more
Ans. 
Find the 2nd highest salary employee in each department using PySpark.
• Read the CSV file into a DataFrame using spark.read.csv().

• Group the DataFrame by 'Department' and use the 'dense_rank()' function to rank salaries.

• Filter the DataFrame to get employees with a rank of 2.

• Select the 'Employee name' and 'Department' columns for the final output.
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Q12. Suppose you have string values now you have to find out the frequency of values ? For Example like input ['a' ,'a' ,'a', 'b', 'b', 'c' ] output a,3 b,2 c,1
Ans. 
Calculate the frequency of each unique string in an array and display the results.
• Use a dictionary to count occurrences: {'a': 3, 'b': 2, 'c': 1}.

• Iterate through the list and update counts for each character.

• Example: For input ['a', 'a', 'b'], output should be 'a,2' and 'b,1'.

• Utilize collections.Counter for a more concise solution.
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Q13. What is case classes in python ?
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Case classes in Python are classes that are used to create immutable objects for pattern matching and data modeling.
• Case classes are typically used in functional programming to represent data structures.

• They are immutable, meaning their values cannot be changed once they are created.

• Case classes automatically define equality, hash code, and toString methods based on the class constructor arguments.

• They are commonly use...read more
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Q14. Suppose there is 100 column in a file i just want to only load 10 column from 100 column how you approach this?
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To load specific columns from a file, use data processing tools to filter the required columns efficiently.
• Use libraries like Pandas in Python: `df = pd.read_csv('file.csv', usecols=['col1', 'col2', ...])`.

• In SQL, you can specify columns in your SELECT statement: `SELECT col1, col2 FROM table_name;`.

• For CSV files, tools like awk can be used: `awk -F, '{print $1,$2,...}' file.csv`.

• In ETL processes, configure the extract...read more
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Q15. What is lambda Architecture and lambda function?
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Lambda Architecture is a data processing architecture designed to handle massive quantities of data by taking advantage of both batch and stream processing methods. Lambda function is a small anonymous function that can take any number of arguments, but can only have one expression.
• Lambda Architecture combines batch processing and stream processing to handle large amounts of data efficiently.

• Batch layer stores and proc...read more
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Coding in python use many tools scikit learn dashboarding such as tableau additionally I am skilled in ML

Q1. What are parquet files
Ans. 
Parquet files are columnar storage files optimized for big data processing and analytics.
• Columnar storage format, allowing efficient data compression and encoding.

• Designed for use with big data processing frameworks like Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark.

• Supports complex nested data structures, making it suitable for various data types.

• Parquet files can significantly reduce storage costs and improve query performance.

• Exam...read more
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Q2. What are delta live tables
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Delta Live Tables are a framework for building reliable data pipelines in Databricks, enabling real-time data processing.
• Delta Live Tables simplify ETL processes by automating data pipeline management.

• They support incremental data processing, allowing for real-time updates.

• Users can define data transformations using SQL or Python, making it accessible.

• Example: A retail company can use Delta Live Tables to continuously ...read more
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