Vaya Technologies Interview Questions and Answers

The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system into seven different layers.

• The OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection model.

• It was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the 1980s.

• The model is divided into seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer has specific fu...read more

STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is a network protocol that prevents loops in Ethernet networks by creating a loop-free logical topology.

• STP is used to prevent broadcast storms and network congestion.

• It works by electing a root bridge and calculating the shortest path to the root bridge for each network segment.

• STP uses Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) to exchange information between switches.

• It employs a tree-like struct...read more

OSPF is a link-state routing protocol used for IP networks, enabling efficient routing through the exchange of LSA information.

• OSPF stands for Open Shortest Path First, a widely used interior gateway protocol.

• It uses a link-state routing algorithm to maintain a complete topology of the network.

• OSPF routers exchange information using Link State Advertisements (LSAs).

• There are several types of LSAs, including Type 1 (Rou...read more

EIGRP is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol that uses advanced distance-vector algorithm for efficient routing in IP networks.

• EIGRP stands for Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol.

• It is used to exchange routing information between routers in a network.

• EIGRP uses a combination of distance-vector and link-state routing protocols.

• The port number for EIGRP is 88.

The TCP/IP model is a conceptual framework used to understand and describe how data is transmitted over a network.

• The TCP/IP model consists of four layers: Network Interface, Internet, Transport, and Application.

• Each layer has its own protocols and functions that contribute to the overall transmission of data.

• The Network Interface layer handles the physical connection between devices, such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi.

• The Inte...read more

DHCP DORA process is the sequence of steps followed by a client to obtain an IP address from a DHCP server.

• DORA stands for Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge.

• Discover: Client broadcasts a DHCP Discover message to find available DHCP servers.

• Offer: DHCP servers respond with DHCP Offer messages containing IP address lease information.

• Request: Client selects one DHCP Offer and sends a DHCP Request message to reques...read more

VLANs are used to logically segment a network, improving security, performance, and manageability. The range of VLANs is from 1 to 4094.

• VLANs provide network segmentation, allowing different groups of devices to be isolated from each other.

• They enhance security by controlling access between VLANs using access control lists (ACLs).

• VLANs improve network performance by reducing broadcast traffic and optimizing network tra...read more

Public IP is the address assigned to a device on the internet, while private IP is the address assigned to a device on a local network.

• Public IP is unique and globally routable, allowing devices to communicate over the internet.

• Private IP is used within a local network and is not accessible from the internet.

• Public IP is assigned by the Internet Service Provider (ISP), while private IP is assigned by the local network'...read more

The packet flow of the dr and bdr election is the process by which routers in a network determine the designated router and backup designated router.

• DR and BDR are elected in OSPF networks to reduce the amount of OSPF traffic and maintain network stability.

• The election process begins with routers exchanging Hello packets to establish neighbor relationships.

• Routers with higher OSPF priority or higher router ID are prefe...read more

BGP is a routing protocol used in large-scale networks to exchange routing information between autonomous systems.

• BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol.

• It is used to connect different autonomous systems (AS) on the internet.

• BGP allows routers in different ASs to exchange routing information and make informed decisions on the best paths for data transmission.

• It is a path-vector protocol that considers multiple factors ...read more