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A CMOS inverter is a basic building block in digital integrated circuits, consisting of a PMOS and NMOS transistor connected in series.
CMOS inverter consists of a PMOS transistor connected in series with an NMOS transistor.
The input is connected to the gates of both transistors, while the output is taken from the common node of the transistors.
When the input is high, the PMOS transistor is on and the NMOS transist...
An object repository is a centralized storage for web elements used in automation testing, enhancing reusability and maintainability.
Centralizes web element storage for easy access and management.
Supports both descriptive programming and object identification.
Facilitates easier updates; changing an object's properties in one place reflects across tests.
Example: In Selenium, a page object model can be used to defin...
ArrayList and Vector are both dynamic arrays, but Vector is synchronized and ArrayList is not.
ArrayList is not synchronized, while Vector is synchronized.
ArrayList is faster than Vector for most operations.
Vector is thread-safe, while ArrayList is not.
ArrayList increases its size by 50% when full, while Vector doubles its size.
The largest number in an array of strings.
Convert the array of strings to an array of numbers using parseInt() or parseFloat().
Use the Math.max() function to find the largest number in the array.
Handle cases where the array is empty or contains non-numeric strings.
find elements returns a list of web elements matching the locator, while find element returns the first web element matching the locator.
find elements returns a list of web elements, find element returns the first web element
find elements is used when multiple elements need to be located, find element is used when only one element is needed
find elements is more efficient when dealing with multiple elements, find e...
OOPs (Object-Oriented Programming) is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent and manipulate data.
Python supports OOPs concepts such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
Classes and objects are the fundamental building blocks of OOPs in Python.
Encapsulation allows data hiding and abstraction, ensuring data security and modularity.
Inheritance enables code reuse and the creation of hierarchi...
A Spring Boot program to fetch details from a database using a controller and service layer.
Create a Spring Boot application with dependencies for Spring Web and Spring Data JPA.
Define an entity class representing the database table, e.g., `User` with fields like `id`, `name`, and `email`.
Create a repository interface extending `JpaRepository<User, Long>` for CRUD operations.
Implement a service class with a ...
SQL query to fetch 3rd max salary, group by country, and return count of employees in each country
Use a subquery to select the 3rd max salary
Join the employee table with the country table
Group by country and use COUNT() to get the number of employees
Various tools like LinkedIn, job boards, social media, and employee referrals are used for sourcing profiles.
Job boards (e.g. Indeed, Glassdoor)
Social media platforms (e.g. Facebook, Twitter)
Employee referrals
Recruitment agencies
You can send bulk messages to students for events through a mass text messaging service or email platform.
Use a mass text messaging service like Remind or GroupMe to send bulk messages to students
Utilize an email platform like Mailchimp or Constant Contact to reach students who prefer email communication
Include important event details such as date, time, location, and any necessary RSVP instructions
Personalize mes...
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Dec 2024. There were 4 interview rounds.
Java, DSA Coding Questions, Array, LL
I appeared for an interview in May 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
Effective team management and cost reduction strategies are essential for project success.
Establish clear communication channels to ensure everyone is aligned on goals and tasks.
Implement agile methodologies to enhance flexibility and responsiveness to changes.
Conduct regular team meetings to assess progress and address any challenges promptly.
Encourage collaboration and knowledge sharing among team members to leverage...
I appeared for an interview in May 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
BADI (Business Add-In) and BAPI (Business Application Programming Interface) are SAP enhancements for custom functionality and integration.
BADI allows developers to add custom code to standard SAP applications without modifying the original code.
Example of BADI: Implementing custom logic in sales order processing.
BAPI is a standardized programming interface that allows external applications to interact with SAP systems...
I appeared for an interview in Feb 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
Kubernetes is a container orchestration platform that automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.
Master Node: Controls the Kubernetes cluster, managing the API server, scheduler, and controller manager.
Worker Nodes: Run the containerized applications and are managed by the master node.
Pods: The smallest deployable units in Kubernetes, which can contain one or more containers.
Services: A...
Copy and Add in Docker are commands used to manage files in images, with distinct behaviors and use cases.
COPY: Used to copy files/directories from the host to the Docker image.
ADD: Similar to COPY but can also extract tar files and fetch files from URLs.
Example of COPY: COPY ./localfile.txt /app/ in Dockerfile copies a file to the image.
Example of ADD: ADD ./archive.tar.gz /app/ extracts the tar file into the image.
CO...
CMD specifies default commands for a container, while ENTRYPOINT sets the main command to run.
CMD provides default arguments for the ENTRYPOINT command.
ENTRYPOINT is used to define the main command that will always run in the container.
Example of CMD: CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
Example of ENTRYPOINT: ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/sbin/nginx"]
Using both: ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/sbin/nginx"] CMD ["-g", "daemon off;"]
Git merge combines branches, preserving history; git rebase rewrites history for a linear commit structure.
Merge creates a new commit that combines changes from both branches.
Rebase moves or combines commits from one branch onto another, creating a linear history.
Example of merge: 'git merge feature-branch' creates a merge commit.
Example of rebase: 'git rebase main' applies commits from the feature branch on top of mai...
A Terraform module is a container for multiple resources that are used together, promoting reusability and organization.
Modules can be created for specific tasks, like setting up a web server or a database.
A module can include resources, input variables, output values, and even other modules.
Example: A module for an AWS VPC can include subnets, route tables, and security groups.
Modules can be sourced from local paths, ...
Manual testing is necessary to ensure the quality of the software by simulating real user interactions and scenarios.
Manual testing allows for human intuition and creativity to uncover unexpected issues.
Certain tests, such as usability testing, cannot be automated and require manual execution.
Exploratory testing is best performed manually to discover new defects and areas of improvement.
Manual testing is crucial for va...
Unresolved reference is an error in programming where a variable or function is used without being defined or declared.
Occurs when a variable or function is used before it is declared or defined
Can also happen when a variable or function is misspelled
Common in programming languages like Python, Java, and C++
This question is likely related to a discrepancy between a library and netlist causing a difference in the size of PMOS transistors.
Mismatch between the library and netlist can lead to incorrect sizing of transistors
Ensure consistency between the library files and netlist to avoid discrepancies
Check for any errors or warnings related to library and netlist mismatch in the design tool logs
Verify the sizing of PMOS trans...
Basic apti and easy one can solve it easily
I have worked on various projects including developing software applications, designing systems, and implementing new technologies.
Developed a mobile application for tracking fitness goals
Designed a database system for managing customer information
Implemented a new cloud-based storage solution for data backup
I appeared for an interview in Mar 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
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The duration of Capgemini Engineering interview process can vary, but typically it takes about less than 2 weeks to complete.
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