Deloitte Interview Questions and Answers

Experienced Senior Analyst with a background in financial analysis and data interpretation.

• Over 5 years of experience in analyzing financial data and providing insights to drive business decisions

• Proficient in using various analytical tools and software such as Excel, Tableau, and SQL

• Strong communication skills to effectively present findings to stakeholders and senior management

• Ability to work independently and in a t...read more

Yes, I have experience working on devops.

• Implemented CI/CD pipelines using tools like Jenkins and GitLab

• Automated infrastructure provisioning with tools like Terraform

• Managed containerized applications with Docker and Kubernetes

Tags can be deployed in Jenkins using the Git plugin and in UCD using the version control system integration.

• In Jenkins, tags can be deployed by configuring the Git plugin to fetch tags from the repository.

• In UCD, tags can be deployed by integrating with the version control system and selecting the specific tag to deploy.

• Tags can be used to mark specific versions of code for deployment and tracking purposes.

I will first analyze the issue, identify the root cause, implement a temporary fix if needed, and then work on a permanent solution.

• Analyze the issue to understand the impact and severity

• Identify the root cause by checking logs, code, and configurations

• Implement a temporary fix to restore service if necessary

• Work on a permanent solution to prevent future occurrences

I would communicate with the team to understand their priorities and try to find a solution that addresses both the issue and their priorities.

• Communicate with the team to understand their priorities and constraints

• Highlight the impact of the issue on the overall project or organization

• Collaborate with team members to find a mutually beneficial solution

• Escalate the issue to higher management if necessary

The .NET Framework is a software framework developed by Microsoft that provides a large library of pre-coded solutions to common programming problems.

• Developed by Microsoft

• Provides a large library of pre-coded solutions

• Supports multiple programming languages like C#, VB.NET, F#

• Used for building Windows applications, web applications, and services

C# is a programming language developed by Microsoft for building a wide range of applications on the .NET framework.

• Developed by Microsoft

• Used for building applications on the .NET framework

• Object-oriented language

• Supports modern programming features like generics, LINQ, and async/await

• Similar to Java and C++

ASP.NET page life cycle is a series of events that occur when a page is requested, processed, and rendered.

• Page request is received by the server

• Page is initialized, controls are created and properties are set

• Page is loaded with data and events are handled

• Page is rendered to HTML and sent to the client

• Page is unloaded and resources are released

Encapsulation is the concept of bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Encapsulation helps in hiding the internal state of an object and only exposing the necessary functionalities.

• It allows for better control over the data by preventing direct access from outside the class.

• Example: A class 'Car' encapsulating variables like 'model', 'year', and methods like 'startEngine()', 'accelerate()...read more

Duplicate values in a table can be deleted by using the DELETE statement with a subquery.

• Use the DELETE statement with a subquery to remove duplicate values.

• Identify the duplicate values using a SELECT statement with GROUP BY and HAVING clauses.

• Ensure to keep at least one unique record for each duplicate value.

Group by is used to group rows that have the same values into summary rows, while having is used to filter groups based on a specified condition. Union combines the result sets of two or more SELECT statements, while Union All includes duplicates.

• Group by is used with aggregate functions to group rows based on one or more columns.

• Having is used to filter groups based on a specified condition after the group by operatio...read more

Use SQL query with ORDER BY and LIMIT to select last 5 records in a table

• Use SELECT statement to retrieve data from the table

• Use ORDER BY clause to sort the records in descending order based on a column

• Use LIMIT clause to limit the number of records returned to 5

SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, used for sending emails.

• SMTP is a protocol used for sending emails over the internet

• It works by using a series of commands between the email client and the email server

• The namespace for SMTP is defined by RFC 5321

• Examples of SMTP servers include Gmail's smtp.gmail.com and Outlook's smtp.live.com

I have used namespaces such as std, boost, and Eigen in my code.

• std

• boost

• Eigen

Web API is a set of rules and protocols that allow different software applications to communicate with each other over the internet.

• Web API allows different software applications to interact with each other over the internet

• It defines the methods and data formats that applications can use to request and exchange information

• Examples include RESTful APIs like Twitter API, Google Maps API, etc.

Web API allows for more flexibility, scalability, and ease of use compared to traditional web services.

• Web API supports multiple data formats like JSON, XML, etc., making it easier to work with different clients.

• Web API is more lightweight and faster compared to SOAP-based web services.

• Web API allows for better security through the use of tokens and authentication mechanisms.

• Web API is easier to integrate with modern w...read more

Securing a WEB API involves using authentication, authorization, encryption, and monitoring.

• Implement authentication mechanisms such as OAuth, JWT, or API keys to verify the identity of clients accessing the API.

• Use authorization to control access to different parts of the API based on roles and permissions.

• Encrypt sensitive data transmitted between clients and the API using HTTPS or TLS.

• Implement rate limiting, input ...read more

Authentication verifies the identity of a user, while authorization determines what actions they are allowed to perform.

• Authentication confirms the identity of a user through credentials like passwords, biometrics, or security tokens.

• Authorization controls access to resources based on the authenticated user's permissions.

• Examples include logging into a website with a username and password (authentication) and then acce...read more

JSON is lightweight, easy to read, and primarily used for web APIs. XML is more verbose, structured, and commonly used for data storage and configuration.

• JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation, while XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language.

• JSON is more lightweight and easier to read compared to XML.

• JSON is commonly used for web APIs, while XML is often used for data storage and configuration files.

• JSON uses key-v...read more

Filters in MVC are used to perform logic before or after an action method is executed.

• Filters can be used for authorization, logging, caching, error handling, etc.

• They can be applied globally, at controller level, or at action level.

• Examples include Authorize filter for authentication, OutputCache filter for caching.

• Filters can be created by implementing specific filter interfaces or by inheriting from FilterAttribute ...read more

MVC stands for Model-View-Controller, a software design pattern used for organizing code in a structured way.

• MVC separates the application into three main components: Model (data), View (UI), and Controller (logic).

• Model represents the data and business logic, View displays the data to the user, and Controller handles user input and updates the Model.

• MVC helps in achieving separation of concerns, making code more modul...read more

Routing in MVC is the process of mapping URLs to controller actions in order to handle incoming requests.

• Routing determines which controller and action should handle a request based on the URL

• Routes are defined in the RouteConfig.cs file in ASP.NET MVC applications

• Routes can include parameters that are passed to the controller action

• Routing can be used to create user-friendly URLs

An application interacts with an API by sending requests and receiving responses containing data or actions.

• The application sends a request to the API specifying the desired action or data

• The API processes the request and sends back a response containing the requested information

• The application then uses the data or performs the action based on the response received

• Examples: a weather app fetching current weather data ...read more

API architecture refers to the design and structure of the application programming interface.

• API architecture defines how different components of the API interact with each other

• It includes the endpoints, data formats, authentication methods, and communication protocols used

• Well-designed API architecture ensures scalability, security, and ease of use

• Examples of API architectures include REST, SOAP, and GraphQL

HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, a protocol used for transmitting data over the internet.

• HTTP is the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web.

• It is a request-response protocol, where a client sends a request to a server and the server responds with the requested data.

• HTTP uses TCP/IP as the underlying transport protocol.

• Common HTTP methods include GET (retrieve data), POST (submit data), PUT (...read more

Securing a cloud environment involves implementing strong IAM policies, encryption, monitoring, and regular security audits.

• Implement strong IAM policies to control access to resources

• Enable encryption for data at rest and in transit

• Set up monitoring and logging to detect and respond to security incidents

• Regularly conduct security audits and assessments to identify vulnerabilities

• Use security groups and network ACLs to...read more

Types of policies in IAM include identity-based policies, resource-based policies, permissions boundaries, and service control policies.

• Identity-based policies: attached to IAM identities such as users, groups, and roles

• Resource-based policies: attached to AWS resources such as S3 buckets or Lambda functions

• Permissions boundaries: used to delegate permissions to IAM entities within an organization

• Service control polici...read more

JSON syntax for providing permissions

• Use 'Effect' key to specify whether the permission is 'Allow' or 'Deny'

• Use 'Action' key to specify the actions allowed or denied

• Use 'Resource' key to specify the AWS resource to which the permission applies

To deny permission to a specific user for a particular S3 bucket, you can use IAM policies.

• Create a custom IAM policy that explicitly denies access to the specific user for the S3 bucket

• Attach the custom IAM policy to the user or a group the user belongs to

• Ensure that the deny permission takes precedence over any allow permissions in other policies

• Test the permissions to verify that the user is denied access to the S3 ...read more

Cross-account role access in AWS can be provided through IAM roles and trust relationships.

• Create an IAM role in the target account with the necessary permissions.

• Define a trust relationship in the target account's IAM role that allows the source account to assume the role.

• In the source account, create an IAM policy that grants the necessary permissions to assume the role in the target account.

• Attach the IAM policy to ...read more

Implementing SQS and SNS in AWS cloud involves creating queues and topics, setting up permissions, and configuring subscriptions.

• Create an SQS queue and configure its settings

• Create an SNS topic and configure its settings

• Set up permissions to allow SQS to send messages to SNS

• Configure subscriptions to connect the SQS queue to the SNS topic

Considerations before migrating monolith into microservices

• Understand the current monolith architecture and dependencies

• Identify the boundaries for microservices and plan the decomposition

• Ensure proper testing and monitoring strategies are in place

• Address data management and consistency challenges

• Prepare for potential performance overhead and increased complexity

Implement API security using token-based authentication and authorization

• Use token-based authentication like JWT (JSON Web Tokens)

• Implement custom authentication and authorization logic in the API endpoints

• Utilize API keys for access control and rate limiting

• Implement OAuth for secure authorization and delegation of access

API gateway is a server that acts as an API front-end, receiving API requests, enforcing throttling and security policies, passing requests to the back-end service, and then passing the response back to the requester.

• API gateway acts as a single entry point for all API requests

• It can handle tasks like authentication, authorization, rate limiting, and caching

• Examples of API gateways include Amazon API Gateway, Apigee, a...read more

While loop exceptions are errors that occur during the execution of a while loop.

• Common while loop exceptions include infinite loops, where the loop never terminates.

• Another exception is when the loop condition is never met, causing the loop to never execute.

• Handling exceptions in while loops can be done using try-catch blocks to catch and handle errors.

Creating a controller with LINQ to retrieve specific order data involves defining routes, queries, and returning results.

• Define a controller class, e.g., 'OrdersController'.

• Inject the DbContext to access the database.

• Create an action method, e.g., 'GetOrdersByCustomerId'.

• Use LINQ to query the orders, e.g., 'context.Orders.Where(o => o.CustomerId == id)'.

• Return the results as JSON using 'Ok()' or 'NotFound()' for err...read more

Create a higher-order component in React to fetch and share API data between components.

• Define a higher-order component (HOC) that wraps around the target components.

• Use the fetch API to retrieve data inside the HOC, typically in a useEffect hook.

• Store the fetched data in the HOC's state using useState.

• Pass the fetched data as props to the wrapped components.

• Handle loading and error states to improve user experience.

Use ROW_NUMBER() to rank salaries and retrieve the highest salary from a table.

• ROW_NUMBER() assigns a unique sequential integer to rows within a partition.

• To get the highest salary, order by salary in descending order.

• Example SQL query: SELECT Salary FROM (SELECT Salary, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY Salary DESC) AS rn FROM Employees) AS ranked WHERE rn = 1.

Denouncing and throttling optimize performance by controlling event handling and reducing unnecessary processing.

• Debouncing: Ensures a function is only called after a specified delay, preventing multiple calls during rapid events. Example: Search input.

• Throttling: Limits the number of times a function can be executed over time, ensuring it runs at regular intervals. Example: Scroll events.

• Use cases: Debouncing is ideal...read more

A denouncing function in JavaScript is used to create a function that can cancel or prevent further execution of a task.

• A denouncing function limits the rate at which a function can fire. For example, it can prevent a function from being called multiple times in quick succession.

• It is commonly used in scenarios like handling window resizing or scrolling events to improve performance.

• Example: A denouncing function can b...read more

Queues are data structures that store elements in a specific order, primarily FIFO (First In, First Out).

• FIFO Queue: Standard queue where the first element added is the first to be removed. Example: Print job queue.

• LIFO Queue (Stack): Last element added is the first to be removed. Example: Browser history.

• Priority Queue: Elements are removed based on priority rather than order. Example: Task scheduling.

• Circular Queue: ...read more

C# supports different loading types, including eager, lazy, and explicit loading, each affecting performance and resource management.

• Eager Loading: Loads all related data upfront. Example: using Include() in Entity Framework.

• Lazy Loading: Loads related data on demand. Example: Navigation properties in EF that load when accessed.

• Explicit Loading: Manually loads related data. Example: using context.Entry(entity).Referenc...read more

Program to remove duplicate numbers from array of strings

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the count of each number

• Remove numbers with count greater than 1 from the array

String Buffer is synchronized and thread-safe, while String Builder is not synchronized.

• String Buffer is slower due to synchronization, while String Builder is faster.

• String Builder should be used in single-threaded scenarios for better performance.

• String Buffer should be used in multi-threaded scenarios to ensure thread safety.

s1.equals(s2) will return true as both strings have the same value. s1==s2 will return false as they are different objects.

• s1.equals(s2) compares the values of the strings, not the memory addresses

• s1==s2 compares the memory addresses of the strings, not their values

• Example: s1.equals(s2) will return true in this case because both s1 and s2 have the same value 'Deloitte'

Spring Boot is better than Spring because it simplifies the development process by providing out-of-the-box configurations and reducing boilerplate code.

• Spring Boot provides a pre-configured environment for application development, reducing the need for manual configurations.

• It includes embedded servers like Tomcat, Jetty, or Undertow, making it easier to deploy applications.

• Spring Boot auto-configures components based...read more

Query to count employees in each department

• Use SQL query with GROUP BY clause on department column

• Count the number of employees in each department

• Retrieve the department name and the count of employees

To create a React app using npm commands

• Use 'npx create-react-app my-app' to create a new React app

• Navigate into the newly created app directory using 'cd my-app'

• Start the development server with 'npm start'

React routing allows for navigation between different components in a single-page application.

• React Router is a popular library for handling routing in React applications

• Routes are defined using <Route> components and nested within a <Router> component

• Navigation between routes is typically done using <Link> components or programmatic navigation with history object

I am a data analyst with a background in statistics and experience in analyzing large datasets.

• Background in statistics

• Experience in analyzing large datasets

• Proficient in data visualization tools like Tableau

• Strong problem-solving skills

• Excellent communication skills

I would rate myself a 4 out of 5 in SQL proficiency.

• Proficient in writing complex SQL queries

• Experienced in optimizing database performance

• Familiar with data manipulation and analysis functions

• Comfortable working with large datasets

I use Power BI to analyze and visualize data for insights and decision-making in my work.

• Connect to data sources to import data

• Transform and clean data using Power Query Editor

• Create relationships between different data tables

• Design interactive reports and dashboards

• Use DAX formulas for calculations and measures

• Share reports with stakeholders and collaborate on insights