Infosys Senior Associate Consultant Interview Questions and Answers

A functional predicate is a function that returns a boolean value based on input parameters.

• Functional predicates are commonly used in programming to filter or sort data based on specific criteria.

• They are often used in higher-order functions like filter, map, and reduce.

• For example, a functional predicate could be used to check if a number is even or odd.

• Another example could be a predicate that checks if a string con...read more

Delete, drop, and truncate are SQL commands used to remove data from a table. Truncate can't be rollbacked.

• DELETE command is used to remove specific rows from a table

• DROP command is used to remove an entire table from the database

• TRUNCATE command is used to remove all rows from a table

• DELETE can be rollbacked using a transaction, while TRUNCATE cannot be rollbacked

To print something on browser using Spring Boot, you can create a controller method that returns a view or a response entity.

• Create a controller class with a method that returns a view or a response entity

• Use Thymeleaf or other template engine to render HTML views

• Return a response entity with the content type set to text/html for plain text output

Our project follows an Agile development model, emphasizing iterative progress and collaboration.

• Agile methodology allows for flexibility and adaptability to changing requirements.

• We conduct regular sprint planning meetings to prioritize tasks and set goals.

• Daily stand-ups help the team stay aligned and address any blockers promptly.

• At the end of each sprint, we hold a review meeting to demonstrate completed work and g...read more

I am currently working on a project in the finance domain, specifically focusing on risk management for a large investment bank.

• Developing risk models to assess potential losses in different market scenarios

• Analyzing historical data to identify trends and patterns in market behavior

• Collaborating with traders and portfolio managers to understand their risk appetite and constraints

Conflicts in a git merge can be resolved by manually editing the conflicting files and then committing the changes.

• Use 'git status' to identify the conflicting files

• Open the conflicting files in a text editor and resolve the conflicts manually

• Use 'git add' to stage the resolved files

• Commit the changes using 'git commit'

Object creation is not possible for abstract classes because they cannot be instantiated directly.

• Abstract classes are meant to be used as base classes for other classes to inherit from.

• They contain abstract methods that must be implemented by the child classes.

• Attempting to create an object of an abstract class will result in a compilation error.

• Example: abstract class Shape { abstract void draw(); }

Exception handling in Java is used to handle runtime errors and prevent program crashes.

• Purpose is to handle runtime errors and prevent program crashes

• Allows for graceful handling of unexpected situations

• Helps in separating error-handling code from regular code

• Improves code readability and maintainability

• Examples: try-catch blocks, throw keyword, finally block

No, method overloading is not possible within a private class in Java.

• Method overloading is achieved by having multiple methods in the same class with the same name but different parameters.

• Private methods are not visible outside the class, so overloading them would not be useful.

• If you need to achieve method overloading, the methods should be public or protected.

Inversion of control is a design principle where the control flow of a program is inverted, with the framework or container calling the code instead of the code calling the framework.

• Inversion of control allows for decoupling of components, making the code more modular and easier to maintain.

• Common examples of inversion of control include dependency injection and event-driven programming.

• Inversion of control is often u...read more

Difference between @RestController and @RequestMapping

• RestController is a specialized version of @Controller that includes @ResponseBody by default

• @RequestMapping is used to map web requests to specific handler methods

• RestController is typically used for RESTful web services, while @RequestMapping can be used for any type of web request handling

HTTP requests in Java backend flow from client to server through various layers like servlets, filters, and controllers.

• Client sends HTTP request to server

• Request is received by servlet container (e.g. Tomcat)

• Servlet container forwards request to appropriate servlet based on URL mapping

• Servlet processes request and generates response

• Response is sent back to client

Multiple catch blocks can be used to handle different types of exceptions in a try-catch block.

• Multiple catch blocks can be used to handle different types of exceptions separately.

• Each catch block can specify a different type of exception to catch.

• The catch blocks are evaluated in order, so the most specific exception types should be caught first.

• Using multiple catch blocks can make the code more readable and maintaina...read more

Streams represent a sequence of elements and support functional-style operations, while collections are data structures that store and manipulate groups of objects.

• Streams are used for processing sequences of elements, while collections are used for storing and manipulating groups of objects.

• Streams support functional-style operations like filter, map, reduce, while collections provide methods like add, remove, get.

• Str...read more

Play Framework is a reactive web application framework for Java and Scala, emphasizing developer productivity and scalability.

• Play Framework is built on a reactive model, allowing for asynchronous programming, which enhances performance under load.

• Spring Boot is part of the larger Spring ecosystem, providing a comprehensive set of tools for building enterprise applications.

• Play uses a stateless, RESTful architecture, m...read more

A B-tree index is a data structure used in databases to efficiently store and retrieve data in sorted order.

• B-tree indexes are commonly used in database management systems to speed up data retrieval operations.

• They are balanced tree data structures that allow for efficient insertion, deletion, and search operations.

• B-tree indexes are particularly useful for range queries and sequential access.

• Example: In a database tab...read more

Types of joins in SQL include inner join, outer join (left, right, full), cross join, and self join.

• Inner join: returns rows when there is a match in both tables based on the join condition.

• Outer join: returns all rows from one table and only matching rows from the other table.

• Left outer join: returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.

• Right outer join: returns all rows from the righ...read more

Query to print CustomerID, CustomerName, OrderStatus, and TotalAmount excluding orders placed in August.

• Join Customer and Order tables on CustomerID

• Filter out orders placed in August using WHERE clause

• Select CustomerID, CustomerName, OrderStatus, and TotalAmount columns

Retrieve data from a given URL using Java and Angular code.

• Use Java's HttpURLConnection class to make a GET request to the URL and retrieve the data.

• In Angular, use HttpClient module to send a GET request to the URL and fetch the data.

• Parse the retrieved data in both Java and Angular to extract the required information.

I have fixed security vulnerabilities related to SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and insecure direct object references.

• Implemented input validation to prevent SQL injection attacks

• Escaped user input to prevent cross-site scripting attacks

• Implemented access controls to prevent insecure direct object references

• Regularly updated security patches and libraries

Challenges faced while migrating Java 8 to Java 17 include compatibility issues, deprecated APIs, and potential performance impacts.

• Compatibility issues with third-party libraries and frameworks

• Deprecated APIs in Java 8 that may have been removed or changed in Java 17

• Potential performance impacts due to changes in the JVM or compiler optimizations

I am currently earning $80,000 and I am expecting a competitive salary from Infosys based on my experience and skills.

• Current salary: $80,000

• Expecting competitive salary from Infosys based on experience and skills

Web API and REST API are communication protocols used for accessing and exchanging data over the internet.

• Web API stands for Web Application Programming Interface, which allows communication between different software applications over the web.

• REST API stands for Representational State Transfer, which is an architectural style for designing networked applications.

• Web APIs can use various protocols like HTTP, SOAP, or X...read more

Relative path is a path that is relative to the current working directory, while absolute path is a full path starting from the root directory.

• Relative path does not start with the root directory, but rather with the current working directory.

• Absolute path starts from the root directory and includes all directories leading to the desired file or folder.

• Example of relative path: 'folder/file.txt'

• Example of absolute path...read more

I faced challenges with front end technologies such as browser compatibility, responsive design, and performance optimization.

• Browser compatibility issues with different versions of Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, etc.

• Struggles with creating responsive designs that work well on various screen sizes and devices.

• Optimizing performance by reducing page load times and improving rendering speed.

• Dealing with cross-browse...read more

Agile Methodologies are a set of principles and practices that promote iterative development, collaboration, and flexibility.

• Agile emphasizes delivering working software frequently, with a focus on customer satisfaction.

• It values individuals and interactions over processes and tools.

• Agile promotes responding to change over following a plan.

• Common Agile frameworks include Scrum, Kanban, and Extreme Programming (XP).

Developed a mobile app for tracking daily water intake and setting hydration goals.

• Designed user interface for easy input of water consumption

• Implemented reminder notifications to encourage regular hydration

• Integrated with health tracking apps to sync data

• Conducted user testing to gather feedback for improvements

The MVC page life cycle involves stages from request initiation to response rendering in ASP.NET MVC applications.

• 1. Request Initiation: A user requests a URL, triggering the MVC framework.

• 2. Routing: The request is routed to the appropriate controller based on defined routes.

• 3. Controller Execution: The controller processes the request, interacts with models, and prepares data.

• 4. Action Result: The controller returns ...read more

Routing is the process of selecting the best path for data packets to travel from one network to another.

• Routing involves determining the optimal path for data packets to reach their destination

• Routers use routing tables to make decisions on how to forward packets

• Routing protocols like OSPF and BGP help routers communicate and update routing information

• Examples of routing protocols include RIP, EIGRP, and IS-IS

MVC is a design pattern for structuring web applications, while Web API is a framework for building HTTP services.

• MVC stands for Model-View-Controller and is used for organizing code in web applications.

• Web API is a framework for building HTTP services that can be accessed by various clients, not just browsers.

• MVC is typically used for server-side rendering of web pages, while Web API is used for providing data and fun...read more

A class is a blueprint for creating objects, while an object is an instance of a class.

• A class defines the properties and behaviors of objects, while an object is a specific instance of a class.

• Classes can be used to create multiple objects with similar characteristics.

• Objects can interact with each other by calling methods defined in their class.

• Example: Class 'Car' defines properties like 'color' and 'model', while a...read more

No, we cannot create an object of a constructor directly.

• Constructors are used to initialize objects of a class, not to create objects of the constructor itself.

• To create an object, we use the 'new' keyword followed by the constructor function.

• Example: function Person(name) { this.name = name; } var person1 = new Person('John');

SQL joins are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them. The default join is an INNER JOIN.

• SQL joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column between them

• The default join in SQL is an INNER JOIN, which returns rows when there is at least one match in both tables

• Other types of joins include LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN

Deployment in our project is done using automated scripts and tools to ensure consistency and efficiency.

• Deployment scripts are written to automate the process of deploying code to different environments.

• We use tools like Jenkins, Ansible, and Docker for continuous integration and deployment.

• Each deployment goes through a series of automated tests to ensure stability and functionality.

• Rollback procedures are in place i...read more

Document verification ensures the authenticity and accuracy of documents in various fields, preventing fraud and errors.

• Check for watermarks and security features in official documents, like passports.

• Verify signatures against known samples to ensure authenticity.

• Cross-reference information with official databases, such as educational credentials.

• Use software tools for digital document verification, like PDF validation...read more

React JS is a popular JavaScript library for building user interfaces.

• Efficiently updates and renders components with virtual DOM

• Supports reusable components for faster development

• Declarative syntax simplifies code readability and maintenance

Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM that allows for efficient updates and rendering in web development.

• Virtual DOM is a concept used in frameworks like React to improve performance by minimizing actual DOM manipulations.

• Changes are first made to the virtual DOM, then compared to the actual DOM to determine the most efficient way to update the UI.

• This process helps reduce the number of updates needed and...read more

Props are used to pass data from parent to child components, while state is used to manage data within a component.

• Props are read-only and cannot be modified by the child component

• State is mutable and can be changed by the component itself

• Props are passed down from parent to child components, while state is managed within a component

• Example: Passing a user's name as a prop to a child component vs storing the user's inp...read more

Led a cross-functional team to optimize supply chain processes, resulting in a 20% reduction in costs and improved delivery times.

• Conducted a thorough analysis of existing supply chain workflows to identify inefficiencies.

• Collaborated with IT to implement a new inventory management system, which reduced stock discrepancies by 30%.

• Facilitated workshops with stakeholders to gather insights and foster buy-in for proposed ...read more

I utilized React for UI components and Redux for state management in a complex web application.

• Implemented React components for a dynamic user interface, enhancing user experience.

• Used Redux to manage global state, allowing for predictable state transitions.

• Created actions and reducers to handle asynchronous data fetching, improving performance.

• Integrated middleware like Redux Thunk for handling side effects in API cal...read more

Routing in React is the process of determining which components to display based on the URL.

• React Router is a popular library used for routing in React applications.

• Routes are defined using components in React Router.

• Nested routes can be defined to render components within other components.

• Route parameters can be accessed using props.match.params.

• Redirects can be used to navigate users to different routes.

• Private rout...read more