PwC Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Tell me about yourself.
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Q2. Why consulting?
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Q3. What are your 3 skills which can be useful while working in PwC?
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Q4. How did you manage a conflict while leading a team?
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Q5. What do you know about cloud applications, CRM, IT?
Ans. 
Cloud applications, CRM, and IT are all related to technology and software used in businesses to manage customer relationships and data.
• Cloud applications refer to software that is hosted on remote servers and accessed through the internet.

• CRM stands for customer relationship management and refers to software used to manage interactions with customers and potential customers.

• IT, or information technology, encompasses a...read more
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Q6. What do you think constitutes IT of a company?
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IT of a company includes all hardware, software, and network systems used to manage and process data.
• Hardware such as servers, computers, and mobile devices

• Software such as operating systems, productivity tools, and custom applications

• Network systems such as routers, switches, and firewalls

• Data storage and backup solutions

• IT support and maintenance services

• Examples: Microsoft Office Suite, Salesforce CRM, Cisco network...read more
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What are the different factors that should be considered for IT integration while merging two companies?
[Please note that I stands for Interviewer and C stands for Candidate]

C: First thing that should be considered is the data of two companies such as employee data, customer data, vendor data etc.

I: What factors need to be considered while integrating data?

C: Integration depends on how it is stored, if it is in cloud or on-premises data center, if the same cloud provider data could be migrated, if different data need to be exported and imported. Data models might be different for the same entity type as employee data fields. Then, the kind of databases being used become relevant, such as the use of SQL or not. This will also determine the time and cost of integration. One thing that needs to be considered is the privacy laws in different countries as some countries might require the data to be stored in the same country as the GDPR law.

I: Okay. What are the other bottlenecks other than data?

C: Infrastructure will be a factor like servers, data centers, etc. Companies might have different infrastructure requirements. One may be completely in cloud while other on premise or a combination of the two. So, decisions need to be taken regarding what to use and which one to use. Some might be obsolete and can be sold off.

I: What do you think about applications?

C: Companies might have different applications being used by different departments such as ERP, CRM, HRM etc. Some might be cloud applications and some installed in local data centers. The license needs to be changed or updated, some applications need to be removed and employees need to be trained. So, data associated with these applications also needs to be moved.

I: You almost covered the basic buckets. Read more about IT Due diligence and see what you have missed.

There are two companies A and B. Company B is divesting a vertical to company A. Company B came to PwC to help them in their divestiture. How will you go about it? Company B has 20 SaaS applications, 20 Vendor Applications (On-Premises), and 20 Company Applications (On-Premises) that need to be migrated.
[Please note that I stands for Interviewer and C stands for Candidate]

C: According to me IT can be divided into broadly 3 buckets – Infrastructure, Applications, and Data and People. Under Infrastructure come the servers, data centers (power and cooling systems), networking equipment’s, user workstations, meeting room equipment’s like projector, mouse, laptops, and all cables. Under Applications come all the applications being used by employees, vendors, customers and all the automation tools. Employee applications include enterprise applications like ERP, CRM, HRM, applications used by Accounting and Finance teams, customer service tools, other applications like IDE for developers, third party applications integrated by using Open APIs, payment gateways etc. Also, if it is a tech company there would be projects which are being developed by the R&D team. The data associated with all these applications is either stored in a public cloud, private cloud, on premise data center or workstation of an employee – all need to be considered.

Also, the licenses of the 3rd party applications need to be re-negotiated and the owner changed. Third come the people who run and maintain all the applications. Technicians who maintain the servers, developers who build and support applications, the IT guy who provides the necessary devices and fixes them on time, all constitute the people of an IT company with the CTO and CIO at the top depending on the hierarchy of the company.

I: There are two companies A and B. Company B is divesting a vertical to company A. Company B came to PwC to help them in their divestiture. How will you go about it? Company B has 20 SaaS applications, 20 Vendor Applications (On-Premises), and 20 Company Applications (On-Premises) that need to be migrated.

C: The 20 SaaS applications should support multi tenancy so that a new tenant needs to be created for company A and all data needs to be transferred to the new tenant DB. Company B our client can now reduce its OPEX (Operational Expenditure) as SaaS applications usually charge by the no. of users and the number of resources used. Here both are getting reduced, so a new deal needs to sign with the SaaS application providers.

I: What about On-Premises ones?

C: The 20 vendor applications need to be installed in Company A on premise and corresponding data needs to be moved. If not on premise, they can migrate it to cloud. As company B is also using the applications, a new deal can be signed with the vendor or if we do not require the on-premises data centers which were previously used, company B can sell it off depending on the new capacity requirement. Company A might require some time to migrate so it cannot be done strictly on day 1, hence, a TSA can be signed so that company B allows company A to use its resources by paying a premium to company B.

I: If company A is using the company A data centers according to the TSA what are the disadvantages for company B?

C: Previously all the resources were being used by company B. Now since it shares the resource servers, storage needs to be given to company B. If virtualization is not there, under-utilization of resources will take place.

I: Okay. We can stop with the case. Tell me What are your 3 skills which can be useful while working in PwC?

C: One, problem solving skills that I have developed with my 3 years of work ex. Second, knowledge on different technologies and expertise in working cloud and third, being a people’s person, I will be able to handle different clients and my experience being part of pre-sales demos will help in communicating with clients.

Q1. What is object store? How would you use it
Ans. 
Object Store in MuleSoft is a persistent storage mechanism for storing and retrieving data across Mule applications.
• Used to store temporary or permanent data, such as user sessions or application state.

• Supports key-value pairs for easy data retrieval.

• Can be used to share data between different flows or applications.

• Example: Storing user preferences or shopping cart items in an e-commerce application.

• Can be configured f...read more
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Q2. What is DLQ? How would you setup a DLQ? What's the real world usage of it?
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DLQ (Dead Letter Queue) is a messaging pattern for handling message processing failures in MuleSoft applications.
• DLQ is used to store messages that cannot be processed successfully after a defined number of retries.

• To set up a DLQ in MuleSoft, configure a queue in Anypoint MQ and set error handling in your flows.

• Example: If a message fails to process due to a validation error, it can be sent to the DLQ for later analys...read more
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Q3. What integration patterns have you utilized in your projects?
Ans. 
I have utilized various integration patterns such as API-led connectivity, event-driven architecture, and batch processing in my projects.
• API-led Connectivity: Used to create reusable APIs for different services, enhancing modularity and scalability.

• Event-Driven Architecture: Implemented with Anypoint MQ to handle real-time data processing and notifications.

• Batch Processing: Utilized for large data transfers, such as m...read more
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Q4. What is API-led connectivity from the perspective of MuleSoft?
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API-led connectivity is a strategy that uses APIs to connect applications, data, and devices in a scalable manner.
• APIs are categorized into three layers: Experience APIs, Process APIs, and System APIs.

• Experience APIs are tailored for specific user experiences, like a mobile app or web portal.

• Process APIs orchestrate data and services from multiple sources, enabling complex business processes.

• System APIs connect to back...read more
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Q5. Have you ever used RAML? Please write a RAML specification with one endpoint, `/account`, and include a query parameter, `bankId`, that can be used to filter the response.
Ans. 
RAML is a RESTful API modeling language that helps design APIs with clear structure and documentation.
• API Versioning: RAML allows you to specify the version of the API, e.g., `#%RAML 1.0`.

• Endpoint Definition: You can define endpoints like `/account` to specify the resources available.

• Query Parameters: Use query parameters such as `bankId` to filter responses, e.g., `?bankId=123`.

• Response Types: Define response types fo...read more
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Q6. How would you design a RAML specification for a case where two clients require different types of responses from the same endpoint? Additionally, what steps would you take if the requests use two different...read more
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Designing RAML for multiple clients with different responses and MIME types requires careful specification and content negotiation.
• Use content negotiation to handle different MIME types in the same endpoint.

• Define multiple response types in the RAML specification using 'responses' section.

• Example: For application/json and application/xml, specify different response schemas.

• Utilize traits to encapsulate common response ...read more
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Q7. What are some operations available in file connector?
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MuleSoft's File Connector supports various operations for file handling, including reading, writing, and deleting files.
• Read: Retrieve content from a file. Example: Reading a CSV file to process data.

• Write: Create or overwrite a file with specified content. Example: Writing JSON data to a file.

• Append: Add content to an existing file without overwriting. Example: Appending log entries to a log file.

• Delete: Remove a spec...read more
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Q8. How to create a system API? Tell me about a few connectors you have used in the system API.
Ans. 
Creating a system API involves defining endpoints, data models, and connectors for integration.
• Define the API specification using RAML or OAS to outline endpoints and data structures.

• Use Anypoint Studio to create flows that handle requests and responses.

• Implement connectors like Salesforce for CRM data, Database Connector for SQL operations, or HTTP Connector for RESTful services.

• Ensure proper error handling and loggin...read more
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Q9. How to create a business group in anypoint platform?
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Creating a business group in Anypoint Platform involves defining roles and permissions for better resource management.
• Log in to Anypoint Platform and navigate to the 'Access Management' section.

• Select 'Business Groups' and click on 'Create Business Group'.

• Provide a name and description for the new business group.

• Set the parent business group if applicable, to establish hierarchy.

• Assign roles and permissions to users wi...read more
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Q10. What are the components of anypoint platform?
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Anypoint Platform consists of various components for API design, management, and integration.
• Anypoint Studio: A desktop IDE for designing and testing Mule applications.

• Anypoint Exchange: A marketplace for sharing APIs, connectors, and templates.

• Anypoint Management Center: A web-based interface for monitoring and managing APIs and applications.

• Anypoint API Designer: A tool for designing and documenting APIs using RAML o...read more
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Q11. How would you use an MQ in your project? Explain the step by step process. What are the operations available in an MQ?
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Using MQ in a project involves message queuing for asynchronous communication between services.
• 1. Identify the use case: Determine where asynchronous communication is needed, e.g., processing orders.

• 2. Choose an MQ provider: Select a message broker like RabbitMQ, ActiveMQ, or IBM MQ.

• 3. Configure the MQ: Set up the broker, define queues, and configure connection settings.

• 4. Implement producers: Create applications that ...read more
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Q12. What's the difference between a topic and a queue?
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Topics broadcast messages to multiple subscribers, while queues deliver messages to a single consumer.
• Topics allow multiple subscribers to receive the same message, e.g., a news update sent to all subscribers.

• Queues ensure that each message is processed by only one consumer, e.g., a task assigned to a specific worker.

• In a topic, messages are published and all subscribers receive them simultaneously, while in a queue, m...read more
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Q13. What Java version have you used in your Mule projects, and what steps would you take to migrate to Java 17 if requested by your client?
Ans. 
Migrating to Java 17 in MuleSoft projects involves assessing compatibility, updating dependencies, and testing thoroughly.
• Assess Compatibility: Check if the current MuleSoft version supports Java 17. For example, Mule 4.4 and later versions are compatible.

• Update Dependencies: Review and update any third-party libraries or dependencies to versions that are compatible with Java 17.

• Refactor Code: Identify and refactor any...read more
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Q14. What are the differences between CloudHub 1.0 (CH 1.0) and CH 2.0?
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CloudHub 2.0 offers enhanced features, scalability, and performance improvements over CloudHub 1.0 for MuleSoft applications.
• Deployment Model: CH 1.0 used a single-tenant model, while CH 2.0 supports a multi-tenant architecture, allowing better resource utilization.

• Scalability: CH 2.0 provides improved auto-scaling capabilities, enabling applications to handle varying loads more efficiently compared to CH 1.0.

• Performan...read more
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Q15. Have you done any certifications?
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I hold multiple MuleSoft certifications, showcasing my expertise in API design, integration, and application development.
• MuleSoft Certified Developer - Level 1: This certification demonstrates my ability to design and build APIs and integrations using MuleSoft's Anypoint Platform.

• MuleSoft Certified Architect - Level 1: This certification validates my skills in designing and managing complex integration solutions and ar...read more
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Q16. Can you describe your most recent project and your role in it?
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Q17. Which Maven command can be used to add a dependency to your project?
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Use the Maven command 'mvn install:install-file' to add a dependency to your project.
• The command 'mvn install:install-file' allows you to add a specific JAR file as a dependency.

• Example: mvn install:install-file -Dfile=path/to/your.jar -DgroupId=com.example -DartifactId=your-artifact -Dversion=1.0 -Dpackaging=jar

• You can also add dependencies directly in the 'pom.xml' file under the <dependencies> section.

• Example ...read more
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Q18. What is the procedure for changing the Java version in Anypoint Studio when using the latest version of the software?
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Changing the Java version in Anypoint Studio involves configuring the JDK settings in the preferences menu for your projects.
• Open Anypoint Studio and navigate to 'Window' > 'Preferences'.

• In the Preferences window, expand 'Java' and select 'Installed JREs'.

• Add a new JRE by clicking 'Add...' and selecting the JDK installation directory.

• Set the newly added JDK as the default by checking the box next to it.

• For specific ...read more
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Q19. What is API-Manager? What is auto-discovery? What is the usage of auto-discovery?
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API Manager is a tool for managing APIs, while auto-discovery helps connect APIs with their policies and configurations.
• API Manager allows you to create, manage, and secure APIs.

• Auto-discovery enables APIs to automatically connect with their configurations in API Manager.

• For example, when deploying an API, auto-discovery can link it to the correct policies without manual intervention.

• It simplifies the management of mul...read more
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Q20. What permissions are required for a developer and a maintainer in a source control system such as GitLab?
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Developers and maintainers in GitLab need specific permissions for effective collaboration and code management.
• Developers typically require 'Developer' role permissions to push code, create branches, and manage merge requests.

• Maintainers need 'Maintainer' role permissions to manage project settings, merge code, and manage access controls.

• Example: A Developer can create a feature branch, while a Maintainer can delete br...read more
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Q21. Introduce yourself.
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Q22. What is trust store and what is keystore?
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A trust store holds trusted certificates, while a keystore contains private keys and certificates for secure communication.
• A keystore is used to store private keys and their associated certificates, enabling secure communication.

• A trust store contains trusted certificates from external sources, allowing the application to verify the identity of remote servers.

• For example, a keystore might contain a server's SSL certifi...read more
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Q23. Explain the difference between foreach loop & parallel foreach?
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Foreach loop processes items sequentially, while parallel foreach executes them concurrently for improved performance.
• Foreach loop processes each item one after the other, which can be slower for large datasets.

• Parallel foreach allows multiple items to be processed simultaneously, enhancing performance.

• Example of foreach: processing a list of customer orders one at a time.

• Example of parallel foreach: processing multipl...read more
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Q24. What are the error handling options available in Mule 4?
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Mule 4 offers various error handling options to manage exceptions and ensure robust integration flows.
• Global Error Handling: Define a global error handler to catch exceptions across the application.

• Error Handling Scope: Use error handling scopes like 'Try', 'On Error Continue', and 'On Error Propagate' to manage errors locally.

• Custom Error Types: Create custom error types for specific error scenarios to provide more co...read more
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Q25. How would you rate yourself in DataWeave out of five? Given an input string "0102030405INDPAKUSABANAUS", write a DataWeave script to generate an object where 2 digits number will be key, and three charact...read more
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DataWeave is a powerful transformation language used in MuleSoft for data manipulation and integration tasks.
• Pattern Matching: Use regex to identify patterns in the input string, such as two-digit numbers followed by three-character strings.

• String Manipulation: Leverage DataWeave functions like 'substring' to extract specific parts of the input string.

• Object Construction: Utilize the 'object' function to create key-val...read more
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Q26. Transform the array of objects as per the requirements. 1. If the value of the property "company" is "abc", then replace it with "xyz" 2. Else leave the value as it found in input. Input: [ {"name": "nomb...read more
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Transform an array of objects by replacing specific property values based on conditions.
• Iterate through each object in the array.

• Check the value of the 'company' property.

• If 'company' is 'abc', replace it with 'xyz'.

• If 'company' is anything else, keep it unchanged.

• Return the modified array of objects.
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Q1. What is spark,explain its ecosystem
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Spark is a fast and general-purpose cluster computing system for big data processing.
• Spark provides APIs in Java, Scala, Python, and R for distributed data processing.

• It includes components like Spark SQL for SQL and structured data processing, Spark Streaming for real-time data processing, MLlib for machine learning, and GraphX for graph processing.

• Spark can run on top of Hadoop, Mesos, Kubernetes, or in standalone mo...read more
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Q2. What are transformations, and how many types of transformations exist?
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Transformations are operations performed on data to convert it from one form to another. There are mainly two types of transformations: narrow and wide.
• Transformations are operations performed on data to convert it from one form to another.

• Narrow transformations are those where each input partition will contribute to only one output partition, e.g., map, filter.

• Wide transformations are those where each input partition ...read more
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Q3. Explain about spark job process and its planning
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Spark job process involves job submission, DAG creation, task scheduling, and task execution.
• Spark job is submitted to the SparkContext by the user.

• Spark creates a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) of the job's stages and tasks.

• Tasks are scheduled by the Spark scheduler based on data locality and resource availability.

• Tasks are executed on worker nodes in the cluster.

• Output is collected and returned to the user.
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Q4. What are the concepts of coalesce and repartition in data processing?
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Coalesce and repartition are concepts used in data processing to control the number of partitions in a dataset.
• Coalesce is used to reduce the number of partitions in a dataset without shuffling the data, which can improve performance.

• Repartition is used to increase or decrease the number of partitions in a dataset by shuffling the data across the cluster.

• Coalesce is preferred over repartition when reducing partitions t...read more
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Q5. Explain about oom and driverhead memory
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OOM stands for Out Of Memory and driverhead memory refers to the memory allocated to the driver in a Spark application.
• OOM occurs when a system runs out of memory to allocate for processes, leading to crashes or performance issues.

• Driverhead memory in Spark is the memory allocated to the driver program, which coordinates tasks and manages the overall execution of the application.

• Adjusting memory settings like executor ...read more
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Q6. What is data skewness
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Data skewness is a measure of asymmetry in the distribution of data values.
• Data skewness indicates the lack of symmetry in the data distribution.

• Positive skewness means the tail on the right side of the distribution is longer or fatter.

• Negative skewness means the tail on the left side of the distribution is longer or fatter.

• Skewness value of 0 indicates a perfectly symmetrical distribution.
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Q1. Explain the previous project you have worked on?
Ans. 
Developed a web-based insurance claims processing system for a large insurance company.
• Designed and implemented data models for policyholders, claims, and payments

• Integrated third-party APIs for real-time data exchange

• Utilized Guidewire platform for policy administration and claims management

• Collaborated with business analysts to gather requirements and ensure system met user needs
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Q2. Whatever exp you have mentioned in resume, it will be discussed
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Q3. Integration view, event fired, mesagging queue.
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Q4. About batch process, base class to create batch?
Ans. 
Guidewire batch processes utilize a base class for efficient job management and execution.
• Batch processes in Guidewire are typically managed using the 'BatchProcess' base class.

• This class provides methods for job scheduling, execution, and error handling.

• Example: A custom batch process can extend 'BatchProcess' to implement specific business logic.

• The 'BatchProcess' class allows for parallel processing of jobs to impro...read more
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Q5. How to schedule a batch
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To schedule a batch, use a scheduling tool like cron or Windows Task Scheduler.
• Use a scheduling tool like cron or Windows Task Scheduler to set up the batch schedule

• Specify the frequency and timing of the batch job in the scheduling tool

• Ensure that the batch job is configured to run at the specified schedule

• Monitor the batch job execution to ensure it runs successfully
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