Larsen & Toubro Limited Project Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Thermodynamics is the study of energy, heat, and work, and their interactions in physical systems.

• Thermodynamics involves laws that govern energy transfer, such as the First Law (conservation of energy).

• The Second Law states that entropy in an isolated system always increases, indicating the direction of spontaneous processes.

• Applications include engines (converting heat to work), refrigerators (removing heat), and und...read more

Refrigeration focuses on cooling specific items, while air conditioning regulates indoor air temperature and quality.

• Refrigeration is used to preserve food in refrigerators and freezers.

• Air conditioning is used to cool and dehumidify indoor spaces, like homes and offices.

• Refrigeration systems often operate at lower temperatures than air conditioning systems.

• Air conditioning systems can also filter and circulate air, im...read more

Specific humidity is the mass of water vapor per unit mass of air, indicating moisture content in the atmosphere.

• Measured in grams of water vapor per kilogram of air.

• Higher specific humidity indicates more moisture in the air, affecting weather patterns.

• Example: A specific humidity of 10 g/kg means there are 10 grams of water vapor in every kilogram of air.

• Used in meteorology to predict precipitation and humidity level...read more

The pressure rating for steam pipes varies depending on the material and size of the pipe.

• Pressure rating for steam pipes is typically determined by the material and size of the pipe.

• Common pressure ratings for steam pipes range from 150 psi to 2500 psi.

• It is important to consult industry standards and guidelines for specific pressure ratings based on the application and conditions.

Effective operation and maintenance of solar plants ensures optimal performance and longevity of solar energy systems.

• Regular inspections: Conduct monthly checks on panels and inverters to identify any issues early.

• Cleaning: Schedule periodic cleaning of solar panels to remove dust and debris that can reduce efficiency.

• Performance monitoring: Use monitoring systems to track energy output and detect anomalies.

• Preventive...read more

Cable Insulation Resistance (IR) tests measure the integrity of electrical insulation in cables.

• IR values indicate the quality of insulation; higher values suggest better insulation.

• Typical IR values for low voltage cables should be above 1 MΩ.

• For high voltage cables, acceptable IR values can be in the range of 100 MΩ or higher.

• A drop in IR values over time may indicate insulation degradation or moisture ingress.

• Testin...read more

Surveillance points in site inspection ensure quality control and compliance with project specifications.

• Identify critical areas for inspection, such as structural elements and safety features.

• Use surveillance cameras to monitor ongoing work and ensure adherence to safety protocols.

• Conduct regular site visits to assess progress and identify potential issues early.

• Implement checklists for inspections to ensure all aspec...read more

DPR, WPR, and MPR are project management reports used to track progress and performance in engineering projects.

• DPR (Daily Progress Report) - Tracks daily activities and progress on site.

• WPR (Weekly Progress Report) - Summarizes weekly achievements and challenges faced.

• MPR (Monthly Progress Report) - Provides a comprehensive overview of project status, including milestones and budget.

TBT stands for Time-Based Target, while PTST refers to Project Time Schedule Tracking.

• TBT (Time-Based Target) is used to set deadlines for project milestones.

• PTST (Project Time Schedule Tracking) helps monitor progress against the planned schedule.

• Example of TBT: Completing a project phase by a specific date.

• Example of PTST: Using Gantt charts to visualize project timelines.

Cable trench sizes depend on cable type, quantity, and installation standards to ensure safety and efficiency.

• Trench width typically ranges from 300mm to 600mm for single or multiple cables.

• Depth should be at least 600mm to protect cables from surface loads.

• Consider local regulations and standards, such as NEC or IEC guidelines.

• Example: For high-voltage cables, a wider trench may be required to accommodate heat dissipa...read more