Capgemini Technical Lead Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Explain Spring AOP
Ans. 
Spring AOP enables aspect-oriented programming in Spring, allowing separation of cross-cutting concerns like logging and security.
• AOP stands for Aspect-Oriented Programming, which helps in separating cross-cutting concerns from business logic.

• Key concepts include Aspect, Join Point, Advice, Pointcut, and Weaving.

• An Aspect is a module that encapsulates a concern, such as logging or transaction management.

• Join Points are...read more
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Q2. Explain Java 8 features
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Java 8 introduced significant features like lambdas, streams, and the new Date/Time API, enhancing productivity and code readability.
• Lambda Expressions: Enable concise representation of functional interfaces. Example: (a, b) -> a + b.

• Streams API: Facilitates functional-style operations on collections. Example: list.stream().filter(x -> x > 10).collect(Collectors.toList()).

• Default Methods: Allow interfaces to h...read more
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Q1. Java8 and opps
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Q2. Springboot AWS and latest chan
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Online MCQ assessment

Q1. Why we use Abstract and Interface.
Ans. 
Abstract classes and interfaces are used in object-oriented programming to achieve abstraction and define contracts.
• Abstract classes allow for partial implementation and can have both abstract and concrete methods.

• Interfaces define a contract that classes must adhere to, allowing for multiple inheritance.

• Abstract classes are used when some common functionality needs to be shared among closely related classes.

• Interfaces...read more
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Q1. Difference between Dot Net and Dot Net Core
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Dot Net is a software framework developed by Microsoft, while Dot Net Core is a cross-platform, open-source version of Dot Net.
• Dot Net is a software framework developed by Microsoft, primarily for Windows platform.

• Dot Net Core is a cross-platform, open-source version of Dot Net, allowing development on Windows, macOS, and Linux.

• Dot Net Core is modular and lightweight compared to the traditional Dot Net framework.

• Dot Ne...read more
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Q1. General Details discussion
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Q1. What and why IOC Container in spring
Ans. 
IOC Container is a core feature of Spring Framework that manages the dependencies between objects.
• IOC stands for Inversion of Control

• It is used to achieve loose coupling between objects

• It allows objects to be created and wired together by an external framework

• It reduces the amount of code needed for configuration and maintenance

• Examples of IOC Containers in Spring are ApplicationContext and BeanFactory
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Q2. Why we use @Value in spring boot
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We use @Value in Spring Boot to inject values from properties files or environment variables.
• Allows for external configuration of application properties

• Values can be injected from properties files or environment variables

• Can be used to inject values into fields, constructors, or methods

• Example: @Value("${my.property}") private String myProperty;
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Q3. Difference between SQL and Non-SQL database
Ans. 
SQL databases are relational and use structured data, while NoSQL databases are non-relational and use unstructured data.
• SQL databases use tables with predefined schema, while NoSQL databases use documents, key-value pairs, or graphs.

• SQL databases are better for complex queries and data analysis, while NoSQL databases are better for scalability and flexibility.

• Examples of SQL databases include MySQL, Oracle, and Postgr...read more
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Q4. Give real time scenario where have you used abstract class and interface
Ans. 
Abstract classes and interfaces are used to achieve abstraction and provide a blueprint for classes to implement.
• Used abstract class to create a base class for different types of vehicles, with common properties and methods.

• Used interface to define a contract for different payment methods, with each method implementing its own logic.

• Abstract classes are used when we want to provide a default implementation for some met...read more
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Q5. How did you handle authentication and authorization in project
Ans. 
Authentication and authorization were handled using a combination of technologies and protocols.
• Used OAuth 2.0 for authentication

• Implemented role-based access control for authorization

• Stored user credentials securely using bcrypt hashing algorithm

• Used JSON Web Tokens (JWT) for session management

• Implemented two-factor authentication for sensitive operations
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Q6. How will you encrypt customer information including SSN and others
Ans. 
Customer information will be encrypted using industry-standard encryption algorithms and stored securely.
• Use industry-standard encryption algorithms such as AES or RSA

• Ensure that encryption keys are securely stored and managed

• Implement secure storage mechanisms such as hashing and salting

• Regularly review and update encryption protocols to ensure they remain secure
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Q7. Why Serialization used
Ans. 
Serialization is used to convert complex data structures into a format that can be easily transmitted or stored.
• Serialization allows data to be sent over a network or saved to a file.

• It enables objects to be stored in a database or memory.

• Serialization is used in web services, messaging systems, and distributed computing.

• Examples include JSON, XML, and binary formats like Protocol Buffers and Apache Avro.
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Q8. Do you have any experience with Jenkins and Cloud Deployement
Ans. 
Yes, I have experience with Jenkins and Cloud Deployment.
• I have used Jenkins for continuous integration and continuous deployment.

• I have experience with setting up Jenkins pipelines for automated deployment.

• I have worked with cloud platforms like AWS and Azure for deploying applications.

• I have used tools like Ansible and Terraform for infrastructure automation.

• I have experience with containerization using Docker and Ku...read more
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Q9. Have you used Logging mechanism
Ans. 
Yes, logging is an essential part of software development.
• Logging helps in debugging and troubleshooting issues.

• It provides a record of events and actions taken by the system.

• It helps in monitoring system performance and identifying bottlenecks.

• Examples of logging mechanisms include log4j, syslog, and ELK stack.
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Q1. Difference in normal threading nd executor framework
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Executor framework is an advanced version of threading with better control and management.
• Executor framework provides a higher level of abstraction than normal threading.

• Executor framework allows for better control and management of threads.

• Executor framework provides a thread pool that can be reused.

• Executor framework provides better exception handling and error reporting.

• Normal threading requires more manual manageme...read more
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Q1. What services you used in gcp
Ans. 
I have used various services in GCP including Compute Engine, Cloud Storage, Cloud SQL, and App Engine.
• Compute Engine for virtual machines and infrastructure

• Cloud Storage for object storage and backups

• Cloud SQL for managed relational databases

• App Engine for building and deploying web applications

• BigQuery for data analytics

• Cloud Pub/Sub for messaging and event-driven architectures
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Q1. DW scd types. Implementation of each type
Ans. 
DW SCD types and their implementation
• DW SCD types are Slowly Changing Dimensions used to track changes in data over time

• Type 1: Overwrite old data with new data

• Type 2: Add new row with new data and keep old row for historical reference

• Type 3: Add new column to track changes in data

• Type 4: Combination of Type 2 and Type 3

• Implementation depends on business requirements and data characteristics
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