Tech Mahindra Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced

Split horizon is a technique used in computer networking to prevent routing loops by not advertising routes back to the same interface they were learned from.

• Split horizon is used in distance-vector routing protocols like RIP to prevent routing loops.

• It works by not advertising routes back to the same interface they were learned from.

• Split horizon with poison reverse takes this a step further by advertising the route w...read more

BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol, used to exchange routing information between different networks.

• BGP is an exterior gateway protocol used to make routing decisions on the internet.

• It operates by exchanging routing information between different autonomous systems (AS).

• BGP uses TCP port 179 for communication.

• BGP routers maintain a table of IP prefixes and their paths to reach them.

• BGP can be configured to influenc...read more

Routing protocol is a set of rules used by routers to determine the best path for data packets to travel.

• Routing protocols help routers communicate with each other to dynamically update routing tables.

• Types of routing protocols include distance-vector (e.g. RIP), link-state (e.g. OSPF), and hybrid (e.g. EIGRP).

• Distance-vector protocols determine the best path based on hop count.

• Link-state protocols use a more complex a...read more

Preventing loop avoidance in BGP involves using loop prevention mechanisms like AS Path and Route Reflectors.

• Use AS Path attribute to prevent loops by tracking the path a route has taken through AS numbers.

• Implement Route Reflectors to avoid loops in BGP by controlling the route propagation within a cluster.

• Utilize BGP Confederations to divide the network into smaller autonomous systems to prevent loops.

• Regularly monit...read more

The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.

• The OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection model.

• It helps in understanding how data is transferred from one computer to another over a network.

• The seven layers of OSI model are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer has speci...read more

The presence of '*****' in a traceroute indicates that the router is blocking the ICMP packets used by traceroute.

• The '*****' indicates that the router is not responding to the ICMP packets sent by the traceroute tool.

• This could be due to the router being configured to block ICMP traffic for security reasons.

• It can also be caused by a firewall or network filtering rules blocking the ICMP packets.

• In some cases, the '***...read more

BGP states include Idle, Connect, Active, OpenSent, OpenConfirm, Established.

• Idle - Initial state when BGP is not yet established

• Connect - Attempting to establish a TCP connection

• Active - Waiting for a TCP connection to be completed

• OpenSent - Sent an Open message to peer

• OpenConfirm - Received an Open message and waiting for confirmation

• Established - BGP peers are fully established and can exchange routing information

The new router can be configured remotely using a laptop or mobile device with access to the network.

• Access the router's web interface by entering its IP address in a web browser

• Login using default credentials or credentials provided by the company

• Configure basic settings such as SSID, password, and security settings

• Update firmware if necessary

• Test the connection to ensure it is working properly

CE and PE routers are types of routers used in MPLS networks. CE routers connect to customer networks while PE routers connect to provider networks.

• CE routers (Customer Edge) connect to customer networks and are responsible for exchanging routes with customer devices.

• PE routers (Provider Edge) connect to provider networks and are responsible for exchanging routes with other PE routers in the MPLS network.

• CE routers are...read more

The command to assign an IP address on a Juniper router interface is 'set interface <interface_name> unit <unit_number> family inet address <ip_address/mask>'

• Use the 'set' command to configure the interface

• Specify the interface name and unit number

• Use the 'family inet' statement to configure an IPv4 address

• Specify the IP address and subnet mask

Parameters for BGP neighbourship include AS number, IP address, subnet mask, and BGP version.

• AS number must match on both neighbors

• IP address must be reachable between neighbors

• Subnet mask should be the same on both neighbors

• BGP version should be compatible between neighbors

tftp stands for Trivial File Transfer Protocol, a simple protocol used for transferring files over a network.

• tftp is a lightweight protocol used for transferring files between devices on a network.

• It operates on UDP port 69.

• tftp does not require user authentication, making it less secure compared to FTP.

• It is commonly used for booting devices over a network, such as in diskless workstations or routers.

• An example of tft...read more

Loop avoidance mechanism in BGP prevents routing loops by using loop prevention mechanisms like AS path attribute and route reflectors.

• BGP uses AS path attribute to prevent routing loops by not accepting routes with its own AS number in the path.

• Route reflectors are used in BGP to avoid loops in route propagation within a cluster of routers.

• BGP Confederations can also be used to prevent loops by dividing the AS into sm...read more

Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the path packets take from source to destination IP.

• Traceroute sends packets with increasing TTL values to elicit ICMP Time Exceeded responses from routers along the path.

• The source IP is the IP address of the device initiating the traceroute, while the destination IP is the IP address of the target device.

• Traceroute displays the IP addresses of the routers in the p...read more

To configure a router with support of a non tech guy onsite, provide step-by-step instructions and visual aids.

• Create a simple, easy-to-follow guide with step-by-step instructions.

• Use visual aids such as diagrams or videos to demonstrate the process.

• Provide clear explanations of each step and troubleshoot common issues.

• Offer remote support or a helpline for additional assistance if needed.

Routers connect multiple networks together while switches connect devices within a single network.

• Routers operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, while switches operate at the data link layer (Layer 2).

• Routers use IP addresses to forward data between networks, while switches use MAC addresses to forward data within a network.

• Routers can determine the best path for data to travel between networks, while...read more

FTP and TFTP are protocols used for transferring files over a network.

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another over a TCP-based network, such as the internet.

• TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is a simpler version of FTP that uses UDP instead of TCP for file transfer.

• FTP requires authentication (username and password) for access, while TFTP does not ...read more

I chose this position to leverage my skills in process management and contribute to a dynamic team focused on efficiency and improvement.

• I am passionate about optimizing processes, which aligns with the core responsibilities of a Process Associate.

• This role offers the opportunity to work in a collaborative environment, enhancing my teamwork skills.

• I am eager to apply my analytical skills to identify areas for improveme...read more

I left my previous company to seek new challenges and opportunities for professional growth in a dynamic environment.

• I was looking for a role that offered more opportunities for advancement, as my previous position had limited growth potential.

• I wanted to work in a more collaborative environment, where teamwork and innovation were encouraged.

• I sought to expand my skill set and take on new responsibilities that aligned ...read more

DHCP is a network protocol that assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. There are two types of DHCP: DHCPv4 and DHCPv6.

• DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

• DHCPv4 is used for assigning IPv4 addresses, while DHCPv6 is used for assigning IPv6 addresses.

• DHCP DORA process stands for Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge.

• Discover: Client broadcasts a DHCP Discover message to find available DHCP servers.

• ...read more

OU stands for Organizational Unit, used to organize objects within a domain. ADC stands for Active Directory Connector, used to synchronize data between on-premises AD and Azure AD.

• OU is a container within a domain used to organize objects like users, groups, and computers.

• OU helps in delegating administrative tasks and applying Group Policies.

• Example: Sales department can have its own OU with specific users and polici...read more

APIPA stands for Automatic Private IP Addressing, a feature in Windows that automatically assigns IP addresses to computers when DHCP server is not available.

• APIPA is a feature in Windows operating systems that automatically assigns IP addresses in the range of 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 when a DHCP server is not available.

• It is commonly used in small home or office networks where a DHCP server is not present.

• APIPA...read more

OSPF and BGP are routing protocols used in networking to determine the best path for data packets to travel.

• OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is an interior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information within an autonomous system.

• BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is an exterior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems.

• OSPF uses link-state routing algorithm to calcula...read more

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven distinct layers.

• Layer 1 - Physical layer: Deals with physical connections and transmission of raw data over a physical medium (e.g. cables, fibers).

• Layer 2 - Data Link layer: Responsible for node-to-node communication, error detection, and flow control (e.g. Ethern...read more

I approach challenging team situations with open communication, empathy, and a focus on collaborative problem-solving.

• Maintain open communication: I encourage team members to express their concerns and ideas freely, fostering a supportive environment.

• Empathy and understanding: I try to understand different perspectives, which helps in resolving conflicts amicably. For example, during a project, I listened to a teammate...read more

I am a dedicated professional with diverse experience in project management and team collaboration, eager to contribute to your team.

• Over 5 years of experience in project management, successfully leading cross-functional teams to deliver projects on time and within budget.

• Managed a team of 10 in a software development project, resulting in a 30% increase in efficiency through improved processes.

• Skilled in using project...read more