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Loops are programming constructs that repeat a block of code multiple times based on a condition.
Types of loops: for, while, and do-while.
For loop example: for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) { console.log(i); }
While loop example: let i = 0; while (i < 5) { console.log(i); i++; }
Do-while loop example: let i = 0; do { console.log(i); i++; } while (i < 5);
Loops help in automating repetitive tasks and iterating over...
In JavaScript, 'obj' typically refers to an object, a fundamental data structure that holds key-value pairs.
Objects are created using curly braces: const obj = {};
They can hold various data types: const person = { name: 'Alice', age: 25 };
Access properties using dot notation: console.log(person.name); // 'Alice'
Use bracket notation for dynamic keys: const key = 'age'; console.log(person[key]); // 25
Objects can als...
A function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task in programming.
Functions can take inputs, known as parameters, and return outputs. Example: function add(a, b) { return a + b; }
They help in organizing code, making it modular and easier to maintain.
Functions can be defined using function declarations or function expressions.
Example of a function expression: const multiply = function(x, y) { retu...
An array is a data structure that stores a collection of elements, typically of the same type, in a contiguous memory location.
Arrays can hold multiple values in a single variable, e.g., let fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'];
They are zero-indexed, meaning the first element is accessed with index 0, e.g., fruits[0] returns 'apple';
Arrays can be of fixed or dynamic size, e.g., in Java, int[] numbers = new int[5...
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React.js is a popular JavaScript library for building user interfaces, particularly single-page applications, using a component-based architecture.
Component-Based: React allows developers to create reusable UI components, making code more modular and maintainable.
Virtual DOM: React uses a virtual representation of the DOM to optimize rendering and improve performance.
Unidirectional Data Flow: Data in React flows i...
Node.js is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine, enabling server-side scripting and building scalable network applications.
Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model, making it efficient and suitable for I/O-heavy applications.
It allows developers to use JavaScript on both the client and server sides, promoting code reuse.
Node.js has a rich ecosystem of libraries and frameworks, such as Expre...
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML.
CSS controls layout, colors, fonts, and overall visual appearance of web pages.
It allows for responsive design, enabling websites to adapt to different screen sizes (e.g., using media queries).
CSS can be applied inline, embedded in the HTML document, or linked as an external stylesheet.
Examp...
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating web pages and web applications.
HTML uses tags to structure content, e.g., <h1> for headings, <p> for paragraphs.
It allows embedding multimedia elements like images (<img>) and videos (<video>).
HTML forms (<form>) enable user input, with elements like text fields (<input>) and buttons (<button>).
HTML doc...
JavaScript is a versatile, high-level programming language primarily used for web development to create interactive and dynamic web pages.
JavaScript is an interpreted language, meaning it runs directly in the browser without needing compilation.
It supports event-driven programming, allowing developers to create responsive user interfaces. Example: handling button clicks.
JavaScript can manipulate the Document Objec...
Shrinkage refers to the loss of inventory or resources, often due to theft, damage, or errors in accounting.
Shrinkage can occur in retail due to shoplifting; for example, a store may lose 1-2% of its inventory annually.
In manufacturing, shrinkage might refer to material loss during production, such as waste from cutting processes.
In the context of workforce management, shrinkage indicates the percentage of time em...
I appeared for an interview in Jun 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
JavaScript is a versatile, high-level programming language primarily used for web development to create interactive and dynamic web pages.
JavaScript is an interpreted language, meaning it runs directly in the browser without needing compilation.
It supports event-driven programming, allowing developers to create responsive user interfaces. Example: handling button clicks.
JavaScript can manipulate the Document Object Mod...
React.js is a popular JavaScript library for building user interfaces, particularly single-page applications, using a component-based architecture.
Component-Based: React allows developers to create reusable UI components, making code more modular and maintainable.
Virtual DOM: React uses a virtual representation of the DOM to optimize rendering and improve performance.
Unidirectional Data Flow: Data in React flows in one...
Node.js is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine, enabling server-side scripting and building scalable network applications.
Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model, making it efficient and suitable for I/O-heavy applications.
It allows developers to use JavaScript on both the client and server sides, promoting code reuse.
Node.js has a rich ecosystem of libraries and frameworks, such as Express.js...
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML.
CSS controls layout, colors, fonts, and overall visual appearance of web pages.
It allows for responsive design, enabling websites to adapt to different screen sizes (e.g., using media queries).
CSS can be applied inline, embedded in the HTML document, or linked as an external stylesheet.
Example of...
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating web pages and web applications.
HTML uses tags to structure content, e.g., <h1> for headings, <p> for paragraphs.
It allows embedding multimedia elements like images (<img>) and videos (<video>).
HTML forms (<form>) enable user input, with elements like text fields (<input>) and buttons (<button>).
HTML document...
Loops are programming constructs that repeat a block of code multiple times based on a condition.
Types of loops: for, while, and do-while.
For loop example: for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) { console.log(i); }
While loop example: let i = 0; while (i < 5) { console.log(i); i++; }
Do-while loop example: let i = 0; do { console.log(i); i++; } while (i < 5);
Loops help in automating repetitive tasks and iterating over data...
In JavaScript, 'obj' typically refers to an object, a fundamental data structure that holds key-value pairs.
Objects are created using curly braces: const obj = {};
They can hold various data types: const person = { name: 'Alice', age: 25 };
Access properties using dot notation: console.log(person.name); // 'Alice'
Use bracket notation for dynamic keys: const key = 'age'; console.log(person[key]); // 25
Objects can also con...
A function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task in programming.
Functions can take inputs, known as parameters, and return outputs. Example: function add(a, b) { return a + b; }
They help in organizing code, making it modular and easier to maintain.
Functions can be defined using function declarations or function expressions.
Example of a function expression: const multiply = function(x, y) { return x ...
An array is a data structure that stores a collection of elements, typically of the same type, in a contiguous memory location.
Arrays can hold multiple values in a single variable, e.g., let fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'];
They are zero-indexed, meaning the first element is accessed with index 0, e.g., fruits[0] returns 'apple';
Arrays can be of fixed or dynamic size, e.g., in Java, int[] numbers = new int[5]; cr...
Controlled components in web development manage form data through React state, ensuring predictable UI behavior.
Controlled components use state to manage form inputs, e.g., <input value={this.state.value} onChange={this.handleChange} />.
They provide a single source of truth for form data, making it easier to validate and manipulate inputs.
Controlled components can be reset or modified programmatically, enhancing ...
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of HTML documents.
CSS controls layout, colors, fonts, and overall visual appearance of web pages.
It allows for responsive design, adapting layouts to different screen sizes (e.g., using media queries).
CSS can be applied inline, embedded in the HTML, or linked as an external stylesheet.
Example of a CSS rule: 'h1 { color: blue; font-s...
I have a strong background in customer service, excellent communication skills, and a passion for helping customers.
Extensive experience in customer service roles
Excellent communication skills
Strong problem-solving abilities
Passion for helping customers
Proven track record of resolving customer issues efficiently
I am fluent in English, Hindi, and Spanish. I have knowledge about PhonePe's services and features.
Fluent in English, Hindi, and Spanish
Knowledge about PhonePe's services and features
Experience in customer service roles
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Dec 2024. There were 2 interview rounds.
Split horizon is a technique used in computer networking to prevent routing loops by not advertising routes back to the same interface they were learned from.
Split horizon is used in distance-vector routing protocols like RIP to prevent routing loops.
It works by not advertising routes back to the same interface they were learned from.
Split horizon with poison reverse takes this a step further by advertising the route w...
BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol, used to exchange routing information between different networks.
BGP is an exterior gateway protocol used to make routing decisions on the internet.
It operates by exchanging routing information between different autonomous systems (AS).
BGP uses TCP port 179 for communication.
BGP routers maintain a table of IP prefixes and their paths to reach them.
BGP can be configured to influenc...
Routing protocol is a set of rules used by routers to determine the best path for data packets to travel.
Routing protocols help routers communicate with each other to dynamically update routing tables.
Types of routing protocols include distance-vector (e.g. RIP), link-state (e.g. OSPF), and hybrid (e.g. EIGRP).
Distance-vector protocols determine the best path based on hop count.
Link-state protocols use a more complex a...
Preventing loop avoidance in BGP involves using loop prevention mechanisms like AS Path and Route Reflectors.
Use AS Path attribute to prevent loops by tracking the path a route has taken through AS numbers.
Implement Route Reflectors to avoid loops in BGP by controlling the route propagation within a cluster.
Utilize BGP Confederations to divide the network into smaller autonomous systems to prevent loops.
Regularly monit...
The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.
The OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection model.
It helps in understanding how data is transferred from one computer to another over a network.
The seven layers of OSI model are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.
Each layer has speci...
The presence of '*****' in a traceroute indicates that the router is blocking the ICMP packets used by traceroute.
The '*****' indicates that the router is not responding to the ICMP packets sent by the traceroute tool.
This could be due to the router being configured to block ICMP traffic for security reasons.
It can also be caused by a firewall or network filtering rules blocking the ICMP packets.
In some cases, the '***...
BGP states include Idle, Connect, Active, OpenSent, OpenConfirm, Established.
Idle - Initial state when BGP is not yet established
Connect - Attempting to establish a TCP connection
Active - Waiting for a TCP connection to be completed
OpenSent - Sent an Open message to peer
OpenConfirm - Received an Open message and waiting for confirmation
Established - BGP peers are fully established and can exchange routing information
The new router can be configured remotely using a laptop or mobile device with access to the network.
Access the router's web interface by entering its IP address in a web browser
Login using default credentials or credentials provided by the company
Configure basic settings such as SSID, password, and security settings
Update firmware if necessary
Test the connection to ensure it is working properly
CE and PE routers are types of routers used in MPLS networks. CE routers connect to customer networks while PE routers connect to provider networks.
CE routers (Customer Edge) connect to customer networks and are responsible for exchanging routes with customer devices.
PE routers (Provider Edge) connect to provider networks and are responsible for exchanging routes with other PE routers in the MPLS network.
CE routers are...
The command to assign an IP address on a Juniper router interface is 'set interface <interface_name> unit <unit_number> family inet address <ip_address/mask>'
Use the 'set' command to configure the interface
Specify the interface name and unit number
Use the 'family inet' statement to configure an IPv4 address
Specify the IP address and subnet mask
Parameters for BGP neighbourship include AS number, IP address, subnet mask, and BGP version.
AS number must match on both neighbors
IP address must be reachable between neighbors
Subnet mask should be the same on both neighbors
BGP version should be compatible between neighbors
tftp stands for Trivial File Transfer Protocol, a simple protocol used for transferring files over a network.
tftp is a lightweight protocol used for transferring files between devices on a network.
It operates on UDP port 69.
tftp does not require user authentication, making it less secure compared to FTP.
It is commonly used for booting devices over a network, such as in diskless workstations or routers.
An example of tft...
Loop avoidance mechanism in BGP prevents routing loops by using loop prevention mechanisms like AS path attribute and route reflectors.
BGP uses AS path attribute to prevent routing loops by not accepting routes with its own AS number in the path.
Route reflectors are used in BGP to avoid loops in route propagation within a cluster of routers.
BGP Confederations can also be used to prevent loops by dividing the AS into sm...
Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the path packets take from source to destination IP.
Traceroute sends packets with increasing TTL values to elicit ICMP Time Exceeded responses from routers along the path.
The source IP is the IP address of the device initiating the traceroute, while the destination IP is the IP address of the target device.
Traceroute displays the IP addresses of the routers in the p...
To configure a router with support of a non tech guy onsite, provide step-by-step instructions and visual aids.
Create a simple, easy-to-follow guide with step-by-step instructions.
Use visual aids such as diagrams or videos to demonstrate the process.
Provide clear explanations of each step and troubleshoot common issues.
Offer remote support or a helpline for additional assistance if needed.
Routers connect multiple networks together while switches connect devices within a single network.
Routers operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, while switches operate at the data link layer (Layer 2).
Routers use IP addresses to forward data between networks, while switches use MAC addresses to forward data within a network.
Routers can determine the best path for data to travel between networks, while...
FTP and TFTP are protocols used for transferring files over a network.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another over a TCP-based network, such as the internet.
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is a simpler version of FTP that uses UDP instead of TCP for file transfer.
FTP requires authentication (username and password) for access, while TFTP does not ...
I appeared for an interview in Jun 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
I appeared for an interview in Jan 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
I chose this position to leverage my skills in process management and contribute to a dynamic team focused on efficiency and improvement.
I am passionate about optimizing processes, which aligns with the core responsibilities of a Process Associate.
This role offers the opportunity to work in a collaborative environment, enhancing my teamwork skills.
I am eager to apply my analytical skills to identify areas for improveme...
I left my previous company to seek new challenges and opportunities for professional growth in a dynamic environment.
I was looking for a role that offered more opportunities for advancement, as my previous position had limited growth potential.
I wanted to work in a more collaborative environment, where teamwork and innovation were encouraged.
I sought to expand my skill set and take on new responsibilities that aligned ...
DHCP is a network protocol that assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. There are two types of DHCP: DHCPv4 and DHCPv6.
DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
DHCPv4 is used for assigning IPv4 addresses, while DHCPv6 is used for assigning IPv6 addresses.
DHCP DORA process stands for Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge.
Discover: Client broadcasts a DHCP Discover message to find available DHCP servers.
...
OU stands for Organizational Unit, used to organize objects within a domain. ADC stands for Active Directory Connector, used to synchronize data between on-premises AD and Azure AD.
OU is a container within a domain used to organize objects like users, groups, and computers.
OU helps in delegating administrative tasks and applying Group Policies.
Example: Sales department can have its own OU with specific users and polici...
APIPA stands for Automatic Private IP Addressing, a feature in Windows that automatically assigns IP addresses to computers when DHCP server is not available.
APIPA is a feature in Windows operating systems that automatically assigns IP addresses in the range of 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 when a DHCP server is not available.
It is commonly used in small home or office networks where a DHCP server is not present.
APIPA...
OSPF and BGP are routing protocols used in networking to determine the best path for data packets to travel.
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is an interior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information within an autonomous system.
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is an exterior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems.
OSPF uses link-state routing algorithm to calcula...
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven distinct layers.
Layer 1 - Physical layer: Deals with physical connections and transmission of raw data over a physical medium (e.g. cables, fibers).
Layer 2 - Data Link layer: Responsible for node-to-node communication, error detection, and flow control (e.g. Ethern...
I appeared for an interview in Jun 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
I appeared for an interview in Jun 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
I approach challenging team situations with open communication, empathy, and a focus on collaborative problem-solving.
Maintain open communication: I encourage team members to express their concerns and ideas freely, fostering a supportive environment.
Empathy and understanding: I try to understand different perspectives, which helps in resolving conflicts amicably. For example, during a project, I listened to a teammate...
I am a dedicated professional with diverse experience in project management and team collaboration, eager to contribute to your team.
Over 5 years of experience in project management, successfully leading cross-functional teams to deliver projects on time and within budget.
Managed a team of 10 in a software development project, resulting in a 30% increase in efficiency through improved processes.
Skilled in using project...
I applied via Referral and was interviewed in Dec 2024. There was 1 interview round.
Extract the 14 characters before @ in a given URL
Use string manipulation to extract characters before @ symbol
Consider edge cases like no @ symbol or less than 14 characters before @
Handle special characters like %20 or %40
Regex pattern to match at least one capital letter, one small case letter, one digit, and one special character.
Use the regex pattern: (?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[0-9])(?=.*[^A-Za-z0-9])
Example: Password@123
Code to output each word with vowel count in a given string.
Split the string into words using space as delimiter
Iterate through each word and count the number of vowels
Store the word and its vowel count in an array of strings
To find the maximum diagonal sum in a 2X2 Matrix, sum the elements of the main diagonal and the opposite diagonal.
Sum the elements of the main diagonal (top left to bottom right) and the opposite diagonal (top right to bottom left).
Compare the sums of both diagonals and return the maximum sum.
Example: For a 2X2 Matrix [[1, 2], [3, 4]], the main diagonal sum is 1+4=5 and the opposite diagonal sum is 2+3=5. The maximum d...
Find duplicates in a dropdown along with their occurrence/frequency.
Iterate through the dropdown options and store each option in a hashmap with its frequency.
Identify options with frequency greater than 1 as duplicates.
Return the duplicates along with their occurrence/frequency.
Use git cherry-pick command to bring specific commit changes to your branch.
Identify the commit hash of the specific changes you want to bring to your branch.
Checkout to the branch where you want to apply the changes.
Use 'git cherry-pick <commit-hash>' command to apply the specific commit changes to your branch.
To switch to a frame in Selenium, use driver.switchTo().frame() method. To come out of a frame, use driver.switchTo().defaultContent() method.
Use driver.switchTo().frame() method to switch to a frame
Use driver.switchTo().defaultContent() method to come out of a frame
Example: driver.switchTo().frame("frameName");
Example: driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
I appeared for an interview in Jun 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
Some of the top questions asked at the Tech Mahindra interview -
The duration of Tech Mahindra interview process can vary, but typically it takes about less than 2 weeks to complete.
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